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Why is Hand Hygiene So Important in Health Care?

lab-technician-washing-her-hands A mother of two children told us that she used to ensure her children washed their hands routinely. Not just when leaving the restroom, but when sitting down to eat, after petting animals, and after a host of other instances that she felt required additional hygiene.

Some thought she was overdoing it to the point that she would be called a germophobe. Although not a derogatory term, it does refer to people who are obsessed with hand cleaning, but she didn’t care. After numerous times of her children processing this cleansing routine, they started to put their hands out for anti-bacterial soap when they would go to a restaurant. The woman advised us that although her children still get colds, she believes they probably would have been sick more often if not for the constant hand washing.

And maybe this mother of two had it right. If you have ever been on a cruise ship, most, if not all of them do obsess about cleanliness, and for good reason. No one wants to fall ill in a place where there is no way out, let alone it will ruin their vacation. Many ships are spotless, with staff constantly cleaning door knobs, stair rails, and other objects that are handled often.

Other organizations follow in her footsteps as well. In many businesses and institutions these days, their policies are to stay home if you feel ill, so as not to infect coworkers and many of these same companies supply antibacterial soap in the lunchrooms, hallways, and by restrooms – definitely a worthwhile endeavor.

But How Do Hospitals Stack Up?

Doctor Examining Woman Before Giving Child Birth

In a CDC study on medical staff and hand washing, it was found that one in 25 hospital patients were subjected to Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs). Other studies (in the US and worldwide) have also found metrics similar to the CDC study.

Given this, The World Health Organization (WHO) has provided “Five Moments of Hand Hygiene” guidelines that hospital staff members should adhere to when working with patients and also for their own safety. Specifically, the WHO points out times when staff should ensure they have cleansed themselves from bacteria. They stress washing hands prior to touching a patient or aseptic procedures, after exposure to bodily fluids, and after touching a patient and/or the patient’s surroundings.

Although these guidelines are practical and make sense, enforcing them is another story. Enter new technology. General Sensing, a technology company that specializes in using sensor networks to help increase the quality of care in hospitals has developed sensor devices that can monitor hygiene among hospital staff. In addition, it will subsequently ensure compliance with WHO guidelines.

Called Medsense, it is a series of beacons that monitor when and how a staff employee washes their hands and transmits data to a central station for review by both the hospital administrator as well as the staff member. The employee wears a badge that contains a chip to monitor their hygiene.

According to a 2014 study in the Journal of Infection and Public Health showed that the WHO guidelines were followed 25% more in one month when healthcare employees utilized the MedSense network than those that didn’t.

Some employees may have abstentions from wearing the badge; however, it is part of the technological progress towards better health care and this will surely take priority as it is a known fact that employees perform better when they know they are being observed. A phenomenon known as the Hawthorne Effect.

With the advent of 21st-century techniques and technology, expect to see an accelerated advancement in the quality of care for patients and employees in the medical field.

In addition, washing your hands frequently whether in or out of the workplace will help you to avoid illnesses that you may acquire personally. So, it doesn’t hurt to maybe have a little germophobe in you after all.

How Nurses Play an Important Role at Nursing Homes

Nurses in nursing homes have tough jobs. They need to be appreciated more. There tends to be a bias against nurses when a patient complains. If an incident occurs, people (usually outsiders) will point to the staff stating that the nurses or other professionals are not doing their jobs properly, but case histories have shown that this is not always the case.  

Let’s examine the nurses’ functions at senior homes, which will help us get a better feel for what their daily responsibilities are and some of the difficult tasks they encounter when on the job.

Usually, as many of us are aware, good news and standard procedures that are not newsworthy never get top billing; subsequently, very little appreciation is shown for the staff when providing routine administrative and/or medical tasks at these homes.

Why Should Nurses be Appreciated?

It may look easy but caring for people in their old age can be quite of a challenge. They have their moods and preferences, their emotions are often heightened and meltdowns over the smallest of things can be an everyday routine; some also completely shut themselves up. They have health conditions that require constant attention and understanding in order to be handled well. Being in such an intense environment can often take a toll but a significant majority of nurses try to give their best to make the lives of the elderly and their stay at senior homes worthwhile.

Mental Illnesses

The most challenging part about senior living is dealing with mental illnesses. The life events and harshness of experiences often leaves them with a lot to deal with in old age. Additionally, the age and physical condition also take their toll. Many people fall victim to degenerative diseases in their old age. More often than not, they also face comorbid disorders and diseases which further worsen their condition. Disorders like dementia, Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s leave them completely dependent on others and unable to manage their most basic needs as well. Depression, too, is very common in old age. Nurses play a very important role as a communicator, supporter, friend and even more in giving the elderly the kind of attention they need. Their presence is often the source of happiness for many. A lot of nurses go out of their way to make sure that they are happy and comfortable.

Physical Illnesses

Physical healthcare is very important in the old age. The healthcare system itself is burdened with the problem of under-staffing due to the increasing number of people in old age; which is expected to increase further in the coming years. Attending to their medical needs, keeping everything up to date and organized, and providing instant care in case of an emergency constitutes the regular job of nurses. However, there are times where things take a turn for the worse and their condition deteriorates even further. We need to consider how emotionally and physically stressful the job of a nurse is. It is not easy to see people fighting diseases, loneliness, disorders and heartbreak.

Nurses work beyond their capacity in many places. A little appreciation can lift up their spirits and encourage them to give their best in the future too. A few black-sheep should not malign the hard, laborious and selfless efforts of the many hardworking individuals that perform their daily duties every day.

The Health Benefits of Apple Cider Explored

Apple Cider offers various benefits that go beyond improving the taste of the food. It is considered to offer a number of health benefits from improving blood sugar levels, lowering cholesterol, and even reducing weight.

Here we will take a close look at some of the benefits of Apple Cider that are confirmed by studies published in reputable journals.

Health Benefits of Apple Cider

A Japanese study examined the effect of acetic acid on obese individuals. The researchers carried on a double blind trial on the individuals that had the same waist measurement and body weight. Their study concluded that people that drank half an ounce of apple vinegar drink for 12 weeks gained less body fat as compared to those that did not consume it.

Also, a study published in Diabetes Care found that taking two tbsp. of apple cider before going to bed with a snack can lower blood sugar levels in diabetic individuals. The researchers examined men and women suffering from diabetes type 2. They found that people who consumed apple cider with a snack such as one ounce of cheese had improved blood sugar levels. The results were found to be significant when they paired the snack with two tablespoons of water instead of the apple cider.

In another study that examined the effects of apple cider, it was found that people that had a high risk of diabetes were able to reduce the blood sugar level by half, while the diabetic people were able to reduce the blood sugar levels by nearly 25 percent.

Apart from reducing the blood sugar level, apple cider can also help in maintaining a healthy weight. One study published in a reputable journal found that the mice that were fed a diet containing acetic acid developed 10 percent less fat as compared to those that were not fed acetic acid. The findings of the study suggest that acetic acid trigger enzymes that accelerate the breakdown of fat and prevent accumulation of excess fat.

Conclusion

Apple cider offers several health benefits that have been proven in various studies. Including acetic acid in the diet not only results in reduced risk of diabetes, improved cardiovascular health, and better weight control.

You can also include apple cider in your diet as the main ingredient to main dishes or salad. A simple recipe is adding one tbsp. of apple cider and lemon juice each, a half tsp. of chopped garlic, black pepper, and chopped basil leaves. You can also drizzle over broad beans, fresh leafy greens, and chilled or cooked potatoes for a more flavorsome dish.

However, keep in mind that consuming apple cider alone won’t offer health benefits. Consider it as one of the pieces of a health and wellness jigsaw puzzle, and not a cure for diseases. It’s better to implement a well-balanced and healthy diet for optimal health benefits.

Drug Overdose Epidemic in the United States

The United States is amid a drug overdose epidemic at the present time, according to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).  In fact, President Trump, in a surprise announcement on August 10 of this year (2017) has stated that the opioid crises is now “a national emergency”. He also stated: “You know when I was growing up they had the LSD and they had certain generations of drugs. There’s never been anything like what’s happened to this country over the last four or five years. And I have to say this in all fairness, this is a worldwide problem, not just a United States problem.”

And nationwide statistics can definitely support this concern. In the national update disclosed by the CDC in December last year, it has reported that more than 300,000 individuals in the US have died due to opioid overdoses in the past 16 years.

Drug medications that include heroin and prescription opioids, have killed more than 30,000 people in 2014, which is more than in any year on record.

Needless to say, Trump will most likely put through executive orders for tougher penalties against both doctors who irresponsibly prescribe these drugs above and beyond the call and those who blatantly break the law just to make a profit, such as drug traffickers. Trump will probably also seek greater medical assistance for the current victims of drug abuse.

Here we will discuss at length about the opioid overdose epidemic that is currently sweeping the country and taking a large number of lives in the process.

Drug Overdose Epidemic: An Overview

The use of artificial opioids such as fentanyl and flakka is rising in the US according to a CDC report. The report states that the death rates in 2015 as a result of using these synthetic and potent opioids have jumped by more than 72 percent. This does nothing less than help accelerate the escalating health crisis of opioid addiction, now made more deadly by the influx of illegally manufactured fentanyl and similar drugs imported from underground labs in China.

Moreover, the study also found that about 21 percent of the drug overdose related deaths were due to heroin or a heroin derivative from a compound mix of fentanyl and heroin.

Heroin is claimed to be the worst narcotic in the US that has killed about 11,000 individuals in 2014, according to the report presented by Margaret Warner and her team associated with the National Center for Health Statistics at CDS. Nearly one in every four deaths occurred due to the heroin overdose that year.

Meanwhile, the opioid drug fentanyl is said to have caused deaths of 4,200 individuals in 2014, which has more than doubled in one year. In 2013 the deaths related to the overdosage of Fentanyl was around 1,905.

The director of health law and policy of the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Emily Feinstein, says that the synthetic opioid fentanyl that is mostly manufactured and supplied from China is about 50 times more deadly than heroin. 

Dr. Robert Glatter, who works as an emergency physician at the Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, says that the report exposes what we are seeing at the moment in the emergency department. He adds that there has been a great increase in the number of people who require naloxone due to the suspected overdose of synthetic opiates.

People that are addicted to prescription drugs are increasingly turning towards heroin and fentanyl due to increased restrictions and regulations against substance abuse. The alarming fact is that synthetic opioids, that are said to be more potent than heroin, are available at a fraction of a cost in the streets.

How Do We Define Opioids?

First of all, it is important to understand what opioids actually are?

Opioids can be defined as a class of drugs that includes both the natural and synthetic chemicals that bind with the opioid receptors in nerve cells and produce feelings of pleasure, and relaxation.

The paradox with opioids is that they include both the legal and illegal drugs. While we all know about the most commonly used illicit opioid i.e. heroin, some people do not know that opioids are commonly prescribed as pain killer medicines. The most widely used pain relief medicines include morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, fentanyl and codeine, to name a few.

Why Do Doctors Prescribe Opioid-Based Medicines?

When we read and hear about the negative effects of opioid usage and the tendency to develop an addiction to the drug, the first question that comes to mind is: Why do doctors prescribe these medicines when they know about the threats?

The reason is their effectiveness in relieving pain. Yes, this is true. Opioid based prescription medicines, alternatively known as opioid analgesics, make highly powerful and effective painkillers due to which they have been widely prescribed and used all over the US.

Accidental Deaths from Opioids are Also Common

Large numbers of accidental deaths from opioids is another huge concern in the United States. While the majority of adults either use opioids as pain relievers or for recreational purposes, children are highly prone to their accidental consumption.

Easy access to opioids medicines is the major reason for accidental deaths. Since these medicines are usually found in a majority of households, children can access them pretty easily. While opioid poisoning is accidental among toddlers, the usage of drugs for recreational purposes is the leading cause of poisoning among teenagers.

US doctors had written 259 million prescriptions for opioids medicines in 2012 alone, American Society of Addiction Medicine reported.

Between the years 2000 and 2015 i.e. during a period of 15 years, 188,478 cases of opioids usage in children (less than 20 years of age) were reported to poison control centers all over the United States, according to a research.

The Yale School of Medicine reported last year that among children of 1 to 4 year old, a 205% increase in opioids poisoning cases and hospitalization, as a result, was found from 1997 to 2012.

Five states that according to CDC reported the highest deaths due to opioids misuse during the year 2014 were Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, New Hampshire, and New Mexico.

Final Remarks!

The CDC report released last month highlights the deadly drug overdose epidemic that is sweeping across the US. The dramatic rise in the deaths due to drug overdose poses a great challenge for the drug regulatory authorities and health care facilities.

Greater awareness needs to be made regarding the deadly consequence of synthetic opioids such as flakka and fentanyl as well as heroin, otherwise the drugs will continue to claim a large number of lives in the US.

A Close Look at the 21st Century Cures Act of 2016

Looking at Mental Health
Photo by Enterline Design Services – yayimages.com

Barack Obama signed into law the 21st Century Cures Act last year on December the 13th. This act contains major provisions of the Mental Health Reform Act of 2016, the Senate Mental Health Compromise Bill, and the Helping Families in Mental Crises Act of 2016.

The 21st Century Cures Act intends to fix a number of components of mental health system in the US, as well as research in medical advancements for the future of healthcare in the 21st Century Cures Act. Consideration is already underway for reviewing ways that telehealh can be integrated into the Medicare system. In this article, we will highlight some of the major changes that were brought about by the mental health law signed by the outgoing president.

Highlights of the 21st Century Cures Act

The latest Cures Act has created new posts of Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and Substance Use and Chief Medical Officer. The posts were created to increase the influence of federal authority and strengthen the mental health leadership in the US.

In addition, the Act authorized the establishment of a committee consisting of 23 individuals that will provide a summary of medical advancements in the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of mental health disorders.

A major provision of the Cures Act is the compliance requirements for mental health insurers to make sure that they don’t limit people’s access to latest treatments for mental health disorders. The new law will discourage insurers to pay low rates to mental health care professionals due to which they don’t take certain kinds of health insurance.

The Cures Act also mandates states in the US to allocate at least 10 percent of the annual grants for funding of early intervention programs. The programs provide a team of specialized mental health professionals that offer education, medication, psychotherapy, and support for the families of the suffering patients. Also, the program intends to make mental health sufferers stay in the job for a longer time and become more involved in their communal activities as compared to those receiving standard health care. New grants will also be provided for assertive community treatment (ACT) programs that can help people suffering from mental health problems to live independently without any government support.  

Previously, people that were covered by Medicaid were not allowed to see a mental health care professional and a primary health care physician on the same day. The glitch was caused due to the ways in which the bill was written. This resulted in inconvenience to the patients in that they had to schedule the services on different days despite both the health care professionals located in the same building. The new law has fixed the glitch allowing patients to see multiple health care professionals on the same day.

Final Remarks

The 21st Century Cures Act that was authorized by Barack Obama has made a number of changes. The changes will greatly help in fixing a number of small issues in the national mental health system. However, the Act does not do much to reduce the bridge between mental and physical health care that is provided by primary care physicians.

The bill also does not contain any provisions for millions of poor Americans that receive the treatment through outpatient care. In contrast, the focus of the bill is on resolving issues of a specific group of people with certain issues such as those that are incarcerated, homeless, or show suicidal behavior or psychosis. In short, the Act is another band-aid that seems to alleviate immediate issues without addressing major problems in the national mental health system.

Lung Health: Are E-cigarettes a Safer Alternative to Traditional Cigarettes

It is a well-known fact that conventional cigarettes can cause great harm to the body. The health risks of cigarette smoking may include coronary heart disease, stroke, heart attack, cancer, especially lung cancer, peripheral vascular disease, just to name just a few and it is believed that cigarette smoking is the main cause of about 30 percent of all cancer deaths. Moreover, about 87 percent of all cases of lung cancer is said to be caused by smoking.

The introduction of e-cigarettes in the market was hailed as a safer alternative to conventional cigarettes. The electronic version of the cigarettes does not contain carcinogenic chemicals that are present is tobacco cigarettes such as tar.

But are e-cigarettes really safe for your health? In this article, we will present findings from various studies that have examined the effects of e-cigarette smoking on health.E-Cigarette

Photo by shutswisyayimages.com

Are E-cigarettes Safe for Health: A Close Look

E-cigarettes contain nicotine similar to a cigarette that gives people the ‘high’.  However, it does not contain tar or other harmful chemicals. The nicotine present in the e-cigarettes is extracted from tobacco and mixed with propylene glycol or other liquids. Some may also contain colorings, flavorings, and other chemicals.

According to Public Health England, e-cigarettes are about 95 percent safer as compared to traditional cigarettes. They are perceived to aid people in quitting traditional cigarettes. This perception is grounded on evidence provided by different scientific studies.

A study published in the journal Circulation in 2014 had carefully examined e-cigarettes and found that they contain significantly fewer toxins as compared to conventional cigarettes. This means that people that are exposed to electronic cigarettes have a lower risk of developing deadly diseases associated with traditional cigarette smoking.

Another study that was published in the same year made similar conclusions about e-cigarettes. The study found that e-cigarettes are much less harmful than conventional cigarettes. However, the authors concluded that while they are less harmful they are not completely safe for health due to containing a worrisome amount of aerosol.

The above and various other studies have concluded that e-cigarettes are a much safer alternative to conventional cigarettes. Having said that, the nicotine content found in both electronic and conventional cigarettes is considered harmful for children. That’s why there has been a ban on the sale of the electronic cigarettes to children under the age of 18.

Conclusion

E-cigarettes are a much safer alternative to conventional cigarettes. It’s the perfect alternative for people that are addicted to conventional cigarettes. People who want to quit tobacco cigarettes can greatly add years to their life by switching to e-cigarettes.

However, the statement that e-cigarettes are completely harmless is not certain at the moment. Until a thorough study is conducted by the scientists the FDA and other research facilities, it is too early to say whether the chemicals contained in the e-cigarettes are completely safe for your health.

Dementia Cases Decline Significantly in the US due to Better Health Care

The rate of dementia has declined significantly in the US. This claim has been made by two recent studies that found that the number of people suffering from the disease has declined since 2000 due to healthy lifestyle changes by the individuals.

Previously, health experts had predicted that the number of people suffering from dementia and other similar diseases will increase at the rate of 40 percent in the next ten years.

However, a number of recent studies that have analyzed dementia cases found that the rate of the disease has not only fallen sharply in the past decade but will decrease even further in the coming years due to better healthcare choices by the individuals.

Declining Cases of Dementia

A study published in the JAMA Internal Medicine journal found that the number of people suffering from dementia has declined by 2.8 percent from 2000 to 2012.

According to John Haaga of the National Institute of Aging that had funded the study, the overall decrease in the incidence of the disease equates to about one million fewer people in 2012 that were suffering from dementia as compared to 2000.

The study also found that dementia is more common in senior adults. Around 30 percent of senior persons aged over 85 were reported to have dementia in 2012 as compared to just 3 percent of senior individuals aged between 65 and 74.

Another study that was published in the Alzheimer’s and Dementia journal also found a decreased rate of dementia. While the previous study concentrated on the white people in the US, this study had concluded its results after examining African-American individuals in the recent decades. 

The researchers of the study stated that the decline in the cases of dementia could be due to lower risk factors that contributed to circulation related illnesses including high blood pressure and smoking. The study indeed found that the rate of stroke and heart failure had declined significantly among the participants.

Another contributing factor for the declined rate of dementia might be greater awareness and improved medical treatments. In the 1970s and 1980s, people that had a stroke were about nine times likely to develop dementia. In the 2000s the risk of developing the disease in case of a stroke had declined to two times.

Final Remarks

Healthier lifestyle and improved medical treatments for dementia patients have led to a significant decline in the reported cases. Increased physical activity and healthy diet have greatly reduced the risk of cardiovascular diseases, dementia, and other similar health disorders. In addition, keeping the brain healthy by playing brain games such as chess, tetris, or strategy games can also prevent the onset of dementia in individuals. It depends on the individual to make sure they are following a healthy lifestyle to keep them safe from diseases like dementia. Also, with the advent of medical treatments and increase in their availability, the cases of dementia are further hoped to lessen in the future.

The Real Skills You Should Be Looking For In a Nurse

While there are a plethora of nurses that schools churn out every year, it is still difficult to sift through them and find the one suitable for your needs. Whether you are part of the management of a nursing home looking for skilled nurses or an individual in search of a nurse for home care, there are certain sought-out skills that make a nurse good at her job.

If you find a nurse who possesses the following skills, hire him or her on the spot:

Good with People:

A nurse’s job involves communicating daily and constantly and most of the times, the person on the other end is a patient or the concerned friend/family member of the patient. Other communication needs involve communicating with hospital staff, superiors, and doctors. All these job requirements ask the nurse to be very good at communication. Any kind of miscommunication or rude behavior will not be unacceptable, but will also affect the emotional state of patients and their concerned ones. Good nurses will always be polite, direct and empathetic, regardless of the number of hours they have been on duty or how bad their day was.

Intellect and Insight:

All nurses will know about the medical procedures and actions to be taken in different situations. They all are trained after all. Despite complete training and certifications, only a few nurses actually have the brains and insight to act at the moment, especially when dealing with emergency situations. A nurse should also be able to stay calm and collected in most cases of duress. A smart nurse will also be able to improvise and come up with new and smarter ways to make living comfortable for the patients.

Work Ethics and Consistency:

This involves almost everything. From dressing to performing their jobs, from daily presence to being reliable, a good nurse must have the ability to perform the job by work following work codes and ethics. Showing up on time and doing right by everyone should be their method of operation.  

Passion:

Caring for the old and sick is a job that not only requires knowledge, skills, and professionalism; a job like this also asks for a passion for human lives and compassion for other people’s pain. Only a nurse who takes their job as a passion will actually be able to make a difference in someone’s life. Patients do not require a grumpy and ill-tempered nurse to take care of them, no matter how good she is at her job. Only passion for this job could help a nurse save numbers of lives daily.

Stamina:

Nursing is not an easy job. It demands 24 hours of physical exertion, emotional stress, and mental duress. A nurse should be physically and emotionally fit, with a healthy lifestyle and proper eating habits. The nursing job requires energy and alertness at all times; so, a nurse must have the lasting stamina to stay true to her job.

Aside from the certificates and educational backing, a good nurse should have all the above-mentioned skills to be exceptional at her job.

Unusual Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Humans

It may be surprising to learn that the human brain possesses the potential to act completely off balance and bizarre, as well as possibly having an intelligent and creative manner. Some of these unusual occurrences can go to such an extent that those who display such behavior are termed as having a mental disorder. Here is a list of some completely unexplainable mental disorders which are found to affect some people:

Stendhal Syndrome

Though the human mind likes the idea of something being aesthetically appealing, some people fall victim to a psychosomatic disorder when exposed to something extremely beautiful or appealing. As they see the object in reality or by seeing it in the form of a picture, physical symptoms of likeability may also appear. Some common signs include the heart beating rapidly, feeling dizzy, being in a confused state of mind, or even having hallucinations. Quite commonly, people who travel a lot experience this syndrome when they come across something that instantly appeals to them and sweeps them off their feet with its beauty.

Stockholm Syndrome

In normal circumstances, nobody would have any feelings of attraction or affection for a person who harms them in one way or another. But in case of people who are kidnapped, some often develop a feeling of sympathy, affection, and even loyalty to their abductor. Consequently, they don’t resist the harm done to them; rather, they try to understand why the person, in this case the abductor, is doing it. A lot of people develop similar feelings for their partner in an abusive relationship, even in the event of rape and child abuse.

Lima Syndrome

Lima Syndrome is the opposite of Stockholm syndrome where the abductor develops affectionate feelings towards the victim.

Bibliomania

Though Obsessive Compulsive Disorder can be quite damaging in any form, this one is weird due to its association with a constructive activity. A person suffering from bibliomania has the urge to collect books to the point that it has the negative and hurtful impact on their relationship and personal well-being. This also includes buying the same book in its various versions, numerous copies of the similar title, and so on.

Pedophilia

Though sexual relationships might have been considered to be something acceptable centuries back, feeling such desires for children is deemed as a mental disorder in the current world. As a matter of fact, such behavior is subject to punishment under modern laws and is looked down upon by almost all societies and civilizations.

Humans are quite complex creatures; that’s for sure! There are numerous disorders and mental health conditions that simply don’t make sense to a person who is used to living a normal and morally and culturally acceptable lifestyle. Some disorders are even bizarre to the point of making others feel disgusted. Nevertheless, this calls for mental health to be given even more attention than we generally do.

 

Robotic Assistance For Nurses

The number of robots in the workforce is on the rise with no signs of slowing down and in the healthcare field, medical robotics are already being used. The da Vinci machine is used in a wide variety of fields to perform surgeries with precision. The tiny origami robot comes in a capsule, which dissolves when swallowed. It is then controlled by a technician to patch up wounds in the stomach lining or remove foreign objects. The benefits of robotics are plenty: these machines show no bias, have low error rates, and never get tired or need food.

Robot in Medical Technology
A robotic arm used in high-throughput screening

Nursing and engineering students at Duke University have recently created a robotic nurse assistant funded by the National Science Foundation. Tele-Robotic Intelligent Nursing Assistant (TRINA) is currently able to bring a patient a bowl, cup, pills, and a stethoscope. When admitted to a hospital, a patient will spend most of his/her time with a nurse; with many hospitals being understaffed and nurses overworked, TRINA might be what the medical field desperately needs.

Very shortly, TRINA will be able to perform even more tasks, such as caring for patients suffering from highly infectious diseases, taking vital signs, collecting and testing fluids, and distributing medication. TRINA is not a standalone robot, it has to be controlled by an operator. The goal of TRINA and other healthcare robots is not to replace nurses and medical professionals, but to limit their exposure to infectious diseases and to better aid busy doctors and nurses. The National Science Foundation is also funding the development of a new robot that will help nurses lift patients as well as heavy objects.

Robot touching computer screen
3D rendering 3D illustration of a medical artificial intelligence robot working in a future hospital

Companion robots can also help patients by alleviating loneliness and treating mental health issues. When a nurse is overworked and unavailable to a patient, friendly companion robots can keep patients from feeling lonely by enabling them to make calls, play games, take pictures, and text.

These social robots, such as Buddy, Pepper, and Paro, can also read emotions and interact accordingly, providing companionship and entertainment. From hospital settings to nursing homes, these companion robots can alleviate stress for busy nurses.