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Howard Fensterman’s Philanthropy With the United Hospital Fund

Howard Fensterman’s long-standing philanthropy with the United Hospital Fund reflects his commitment to strengthening New York’s healthcare system, expanding patient support, and advancing community wellness. His contributions help improve hospital quality, fund critical research, and ensure that underserved populations receive equitable access to care.

Howard Fensterman has built a reputation not only as an accomplished attorney and managing partner at Abrams Fensterman, LLP, but also as a dedicated philanthropist whose work supports the health and well-being of New Yorkers. One of his most meaningful charitable partnerships is his involvement with the United Hospital Fund (UHF), a nonprofit organization that works to improve healthcare quality, support hospitals, and enhance public-health outcomes for communities throughout New York.

A Commitment to Strengthening New York’s Healthcare System
Fensterman’s support for the United Hospital Fund aligns with his belief that strong, accessible healthcare is the foundation of a thriving society. UHF focuses on improving hospital performance, funding research, supporting frontline healthcare workers, and helping hospitals adapt to the evolving needs of patients. Fensterman’s philanthropic involvement ensures that these initiatives have the financial resources needed to expand and innovate.

Supporting Hospital Quality, Innovation, and Patient-Centered Care
Through UHF, Fensterman contributes to programs that directly impact hospitals across the state. These programs focus on:
• Improving patient safety and reducing preventable errors
• Enhancing care coordination for vulnerable populations
• Supporting digital transformation and modernization in hospital systems
• Expanding maternal health, senior care, and chronic-condition support

His efforts help hospitals deliver better care while building sustainable systems that benefit millions of New Yorkers each year.

Advancing Health Equity for Underserved Communities
A core mission of the United Hospital Fund is to reduce disparities in healthcare access. Fensterman’s contributions support research, community outreach, and policy-driven initiatives that help close gaps for low-income families, seniors, and communities that face systemic healthcare obstacles. His philanthropy reinforces UHF’s broader vision of equitable, high-quality healthcare for everyone.

A Consistent Legacy of Service and Advocacy
Fensterman’s involvement with the United Hospital Fund is part of his wider philanthropic portfolio that includes support for medical research foundations, disability-advocacy programs, hospitals, youth development organizations, and community charities. His work with UHF exemplifies his ongoing commitment to causes that improve lives and uplift vulnerable populations.

How This Supports Howard Fensterman’s Mission
By contributing to the United Hospital Fund, Fensterman helps protect and strengthen the local healthcare network that millions depend on every day. His dedication underscores his belief in community responsibility, compassionate support, and the power of philanthropy to create lasting, positive change.

Howard Fensterman’s Support for Heart to Heart

Howard Fensterman supports Heart to Heart (a nonprofit healthcare organization that helps deliver critical medical aid to the people who need it most through charitable donations and ongoing involvement that help expand access to medical aid, emergency relief, and long-term community health programs. His partnership with the organization reflects the mission of Howard Fensterman Charities to promote compassion, humanitarian assistance, and improved quality of life for people in need.

Howard Fensterman has built a long standing reputation for philanthropy that strengthens communities, improves public well being, and supports humanitarian initiatives. His association with Heart to Heart reflects these values by helping the organization deliver medical supplies, emergency aid, and sustainable health programs to families and communities that would otherwise go without support.

Heart to Heart is recognized for its global reach and its ability to deliver medical assistance and health resources directly where they are needed most. Fensterman’s ongoing support aligns with the goals of Howard Fensterman Charities by promoting access to quality care, especially during moments of crisis or limited resources.

Advancing Medical Care for Underserved Communities

Fensterman’s charitable contributions allow Heart to Heart to expand its capacity to provide medicines, medical tools, training programs, and health education. These efforts support underserved populations who often face barriers to medical care. By joining forces with an organization focused on sustainable health solutions, Fensterman helps create long term positive outcomes that go beyond immediate relief.

Heart to Heart’s programs include community health clinics, pharmacy services, and preventive care efforts. Fensterman’s involvement supports these essential services that empower communities to maintain healthier lives. His commitment mirrors the vision of Howard Fensterman Charities, which promotes measurable improvements in public health and community resilience.

Supporting Critical Disaster Relief Efforts

Heart to Heart is widely known for its response to hurricanes, earthquakes, and urgent humanitarian emergencies. Through donations and advocacy, Fensterman has helped supply emergency shipments, medical kits, and support teams during times of crisis. This work ensures that lifesaving materials reach communities as quickly as possible.

This partnership also reflects the mission of Howard Fensterman Charities to promote immediate and compassionate action when disasters strike. Fensterman’s continued association helps provide stability to families facing sudden loss, displacement, or health risks.

Long Term Commitment to Global Humanitarian Impact

Fensterman’s support for Heart to Heart goes beyond emergency aid. It extends to long term investments in global health infrastructure. By contributing to programs that focus on ongoing care and preventive services, he helps strengthen communities from within.

These efforts also reinforce the broader vision behind Howard Fensterman Charities, which emphasizes sustained community development and improved well being through strategic giving.

Why Howard Fensterman Continues to Support Heart to Heart

Heart to Heart represents many of the core values that define Fensterman’s philanthropic mission. These include compassion, responsibility, and a commitment to improving lives through meaningful action. His involvement highlights the belief that every person deserves access to essential healthcare services regardless of geography or economic circumstances.

Conclusion

Howard Fensterman’s support for Heart to Heart demonstrates an ongoing dedication to humanitarian service and public health advancement. By helping provide medical aid, emergency response, and sustainable community programs, he strengthens the organization’s ability to make a lasting impact. This partnership reflects the values of Howard Fensterman Charities and continues to contribute to better health and brighter futures for communities around the world.

Howard Fensterman’s Charitable Contribution to Life’s WORC

Howard Fensterman has been a longtime philanthropic advocate for Life’s WORC, supporting its mission to empower individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. His leadership, legal expertise, and charitable giving have strengthened programs that provide housing, employment training, family support, and community inclusion across New York.
These contributions continue to expand resources for some of the region’s most vulnerable residents.

A Legacy of Service and Community Impact

Howard Fensterman, Managing Partner of Abrams Fensterman, LLP, has built a strong reputation not only as a respected attorney but also as a dedicated supporter of charitable causes throughout New York. One of the organizations closest to his heart is Life’s WORC, a leading nonprofit founded to support individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) and autism. Over the years, Fensterman has offered philanthropic support, strategic guidance, and public advocacy to help expand the reach and effectiveness of this essential organization.

His involvement reflects a guiding belief: every individual deserves dignity, opportunity, and the ability to live a meaningful life in their community.

Life’s WORC: Supporting Individuals and Families for Over 50 Years

Life’s WORC began in the early 1970s following the investigative reporting of Geraldo Rivera, who exposed the horrific conditions at the Willowbrook State School. This led to a movement to create safe, supportive, and community-based alternatives for individuals with I/DD.

Today, Life’s WORC provides:

- Residential homes and supportive housing
- Behavioral health and clinical services
- Employment and skills-training programs
- Family support resources
- Community enrichment programs

Fensterman’s charitable contributions help sustain and expand these transformative services.

How Howard Fensterman Supports Life’s WORC

1. Direct Charitable Giving

Fensterman has contributed financially to Life’s WORC for years, helping fund new programs, community homes, and service expansions. His generosity supports everything from residential upgrades to essential therapies and vocational training.

2. Legal and Strategic Guidance

As a leader in healthcare law and nonprofit governance, Fensterman brings legal insight that strengthens the organization’s operations. His understanding of regulations, funding structures, and compliance helps Life’s WORC continue delivering high-quality care to thousands of families.

3. Advocacy and Visibility through Schneps Media

Fensterman’s charitable work has been recognized and amplified through Schneps Media, one of New York’s largest local media networks.
Schneps highlights community leaders, philanthropists, and organizations making a difference. Their coverage of Fensterman’s contributions helps increase awareness of Life’s WORC’s mission and encourages broader community support.

4. Long-Term Commitment to Disability Services

Fensterman’s involvement is not transactional—it reflects a long-term dedication to improving the lives of individuals with disabilities. His consistent support helps the organization remain financially stable while planning for future growth.

Why This Contribution Matters

The needs of individuals with I/DD and autism continue to grow as families seek more personalized support, accessible housing, and inclusive community opportunities. Fensterman’s continued contributions help:

- Expand residential capacity
- Improve therapeutic services
- Strengthen educational and skills-training programs
- Offer relief and resources for families and caregivers
- Increase public awareness and advocacy

This is philanthropy with measurable, long-lasting impact.

A Donor Who Leads by Example

Many philanthropic leaders give financial support, but few match their contributions with hands-on involvement. Howard Fensterman supports Life’s WORC in a way that blends charity, leadership, and advocacy, ensuring the organization thrives today and remains strong for decades ahead.

His work serves as a reminder that meaningful community support requires both resources and responsibility—and he continues to demonstrate both.

Howard Fensterman Philanthropy for the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation

Howard Fensterman is widely known as the managing partner and co-founder of Abrams Fensterman, LLP, a prominent full-service law firm on Long Island and in New York State. Abrams Fensterman, LLP+1

Beyond his legal career, Fensterman has built a substantial track record of philanthropic involvement — perhaps most notably his long-standing association with Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation (formerly Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America, or CCFA), particularly its Long Island Chapter.

The Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation — Mission & Impact

The Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to funding research, education, advocacy, and support for people with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis. Founded in 1965 and publicly launched in 1967, the Foundation has funneled more than $500 million into research, aiming to discover causes, improve treatments, and realize cures.

Besides research, the Foundation provides education for patients and healthcare professionals, operates support services through local chapters, sponsors summer camps for youth facing IBD, and advocates for patient rights and improved care access.

Local chapters — like the Long Island Chapter supported by Fensterman — are a vital link: they translate the Foundation’s national mission into real outreach, support groups, and community-based services for thousands of affected families.

Fensterman’s Involvement & Contributions to the Foundation

- Board of Trustees Member: Howard Fensterman serves on the Board of Trustees of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation’s Long Island Chapter, indicating a leadership role not just as a donor but as a governance and strategy contributor.
- “Man of the Year” Recognition: In acknowledgment of his longstanding support, the Foundation honored him as “Man of the Year.” This reflects both his financial contributions and his active engagement in fundraising and awareness-building.
- Fundraising through Events: For example, the law firm and Fensterman personally sponsored a “hole” at a charity golf outing at The Creek Club in Locust Valley, NY, a fundraising event for CCFA. His son and colleagues from the firm also joined, underlining a commitment at both personal and organizational levels.
- Sustained Financial Support: Through the years, Fensterman has provided “considerable grants” which have directly supported the Foundation’s research, education, and outreach efforts.

In his own words (as reported at a CCFA event): “As a businessman and resident on Long Island, I’m well aware of all CCFA accomplishes for the greater Long Island community.”

Why This Matters — The Value of Philanthropic Leadership

- The work of the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation depends on donors and volunteers. As a nonprofit not funded by government, individual and institutional philanthropy enables everything from ground-breaking research to patient support.
- By combining personal giving with active leadership (board membership, event sponsorship, community outreach), Fensterman helps ensure the Long Island Chapter remains robust, effective, and grounded in local needs.
- Such engagement also raises visibility — encouraging others in the community to donate, volunteer, or advocate. That multiplier effect can be especially significant for chronic diseases like IBD, where awareness, support networks, and research funding make a major difference in patient outcomes.

Profile — How Fensterman Aligns Law, Business, and Philanthropy

Howard Fensterman’s career — from founding and growing a major law firm to earning repeated inclusion in local and state “Power Lists” — shows a sharp mind for business, influence, and institutional growth.

By channeling some of that energy into philanthropy, particularly through his involvement with the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, he exemplifies how professional success can translate into meaningful civic contributions that address public health and community wellbeing — especially on Long Island.

Conclusion

Howard Fensterman’s relationship with the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation is more than symbolic. Through leadership, personal giving, and a commitment to community-level advocacy and fundraising, he plays a tangible role in furthering research, awareness, and support for individuals living with IBD on Long Island and beyond.

Given his long record of service and support, Fensterman stands as a clear example of how professionals — lawyers, business leaders, community figures — can leverage their resources not only for success, but for real, lasting social impact.

Celiac Disease: Not Just a Gluten Allergy

Woman stopping someone from giving her bread — A young woman on a gluten-free diet is saying no thanks.

Overview

Celiac disease is an illness in which the body’s immune system mistakenly perceives healthy tissues as foreign particles and subsequently attacks them. It is labeled as an autoimmune disorder. In celiac disease, the immune system reacts negatively to foods containing gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Instead of digesting gluten normally like other people, those with celiac disease experience inflammation and subsequent damage in their small intestine whenever they eat gluten.

Let’s dive deeper into celiac disease.

Gluten: The Troublemaker

Even a tiny crumb of gluten can trigger a reaction in those with this illness. How can that be? Well, the immune system’s response to Celiac damages the villi, which are tiny finger-like structures in the small intestine that absorb nutrients from digested food; in other words, over time, this damage can lead to malnutrition, digestive issues, and other serious health problems.

What Foods Contain Gluten?

Gluten is primarily found in wheat, barley, rye, and sometimes oats. Still, it can also be obtained from other sources, namely, cross-contamination, which is the transfer of harmful bacteria from one surface to another.

Here are some common gluten-containing foods:

Grains & Breads

- - White, whole wheat, multigrain, and sourdough bread
  - Bagels, croissants, and rolls
  - Pasta (unless labeled gluten-free)
  - Crackers and some chips
  - Cereals (unless labeled gluten-free)

Baked Goods

- - Cakes, cookies, muffins, and pastries
  - Pie crusts and brownies
  - Doughnuts and waffles

Processed and Packaged Foods

Processed foods are not the healthiest foods to eat, and for those who are not in the best of health, they can be worse. Here are some processed foods that are popular among many folks.

- - Many soups and sauces (thickened with wheat flour)
  - Soy sauce (contains wheat, unless gluten-free)
  - Salad dressings and gravies
  - Some processed meats (sausages, hot dogs, and deli meats)
  - Beer (made from barley)

Other Sources

- - Malt-based products (like malt vinegar and malted milk)
  - Some candies and chocolate bars
  - Breaded or battered foods (fried chicken, fish sticks, onion rings)

Always check the labels for hidden ingredients.

Symptoms: More Than Just a Stomach Ache

Man feeling sick after eating gluten food — iStock

Celiac disease isn’t just about stomach pain or bloating, although those are common symptoms. The symptoms can show up in all sorts of ways, including:

- - Fatigue and brain fog are making it hard to concentrate
  - Skin problems, including itchy rashes called dermatitis herpetiformis
  - Joint pain and headaches
  - Weight loss or difficulty gaining weight
  - Digestive issues like diarrhea, constipation, and gas
  - Iron deficiency anemia, due to poor nutrient absorption

Some people don’t experience these noticeable symptoms, making diagnosis tricky. This is why celiac disease is often undiagnosed or mistaken for other conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

How is Celiac Disease Diagnosed?

The first step is usually a blood test. This particular test is used to search for antibodies linked to gluten consumption. If the results are positive, a doctor may recommend an intestinal biopsy to check for damage to the villi. During this testing period, it is recommended to keep eating gluten until testing is complete, as stopping gluten beforehand can lead to inaccurate results.

The Only Treatment: A Strict Gluten-Free Diet

Unfortunately, at this time, there’s no cure for celiac disease, but the good news is that it can be managed by eliminating gluten from the diet. This means avoiding foods like bread, pasta, cereals, and even some sauces or processed foods that may contain hidden gluten.

Thankfully, awareness of celiac disease has grown, and gluten-free options are now widely available. Grocery stores stock gluten-free bread, pasta, and snacks, and many restaurants offer gluten-free menus. However, cross-contamination is a big concern, so people with celiac disease must be vigilant regarding the dishes and utensils they use when eating out of the house.

Living With Celiac: Challenges and Silver Linings

Adjusting to a gluten-free lifestyle can be challenging at first. Learning how to read the ingredients on the food labels takes time, but it does get more manageable for most people. Many feel significantly better once they remove gluten from their diet. They can experience more energy, fewer digestive issues, and improved health.

Additionally, there are growing gluten-free communities, offering plenty of support through online forums, local meetups, and advocacy groups. Raising awareness helps make life easier for celiac patients and encourages better options in restaurants and stores.

Final Thoughts

Celiac disease is much more than a simple gluten intolerance. It is a serious autoimmune condition that requires lifelong care. With proper diagnosis and a strict gluten-free diet, people with celiac disease can live healthy, fulfilling lives. So the next time someone tells you they have celiac disease, you’ll know why they’re avoiding gluten, how important it is for their health, and how you should accommodate them should they be in your home. And who knows? You might even discover some delicious gluten-free recipes along the way!

If you’d like to donate to help find a cure for Celiac Disease Foundation.

Which Brain Cells Require Stimulation to Support Memory?

We previously discussed the top foods are for brain health, but some supplements have been studied to be healthy for your brain as well. With all the advertising about this subject, let’s take a look at what ingredients are nutrients act as the real stimulants for your brain cells.

Hippocampus

Before we delve into brain cells, it is important to note which part of the brain has the most influence on cognitive functionality: the hippocampus. Located in the medial temporal lobe, it is associated with learning and memory functions.

The Cells

While there isn’t a single type of cell responsible for memory, several cell types play crucial roles:

Neurons

Neurons are the primary cells in the brain responsible for transmitting and processing information. Certain types of neurons, particularly those involved in long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic plasticity, are crucial in memory. These neurons form connections (synapses) with other neurons, and the strength and efficiency of these connections are believed to underlie memory formation.

Glial Cells

Glial cells, the unsung heroes of the brain, including astrocytes and microglia, are not just support staff for neurons. As recent research suggests, they also have active roles in synaptic transmission and plasticity, which are the building blocks of memory formation.

Neurotransmitters

Several neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, dopamine, and serotonin, modulate synaptic transmission. In layman’s terms, this means that they control the communication between neurons at the synapse, which is the gap between two nerve cells where neurotransmitters are released and received.

This is the fundamental process underlying memory formation.

Neurogenesis

Contrary to the long-held belief that neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons, is a one-time event in the brain’s development, recent evidence suggests it’s a lifelong process in certain brain regions, including the hippocampus. These fresh neurons are believed to contribute to specific memory processes, adding a fascinating layer to our understanding of memory formation.

Stimulating specific brain regions or cell types through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or optogenetics can modulate neural activity and potentially enhance memory formation. However, the precise mechanisms underlying memory formation are still an active research area.

Cognitive Function Enhances

Now that we’ve grasped the functions of cells in the brain, let’s delve into some substances that bolster these cells, ensuring their vitality and health. While this compilation isn’t exhaustive, it serves as a starting point for identifying key components in brain-enhancing supplements, commonly referred to as nootropics.

Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)

DHA is food for your brain cells. It’s a healthy fat that keeps the cells strong and flexible, similar to how eating veggies helps your body remain healthy. When you have enough DHA in your diet, it supports the health of all kinds of brain cells, assisting them to communicate better and work more efficiently. This can lead to improved memory, learning, and overall brain function.

DHA is part of the omega-3 fatty acid family and consequently, it helps keep the cell receptors healthy. Cell receptors are located on the surface of cells or inside the cell. They serve as “sensors” that can recognize and bind to the neurotransmitters; in other words, they help enhance the singling process of the neurons. And as an FYI, you can also help your cell receptors by eating fish, especially salmon.

Choline

No, you don’t need to get it from a swimming pool, but you can get it in a supplement. Research has found that choline supplementation may have cognitive benefits, particularly in memory and attention. It is believed to enhance cognitive performance in adults and may reduce the risk of cognitive decline with aging.

Huperzine A

This is a natural compound derived from the Chinese club moss plant, Huperzia serrata. It works on neurotransmitters, specifically, it keeps acetylcholine alive and well by prohibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase from breaking it down. By inhibiting this enzyme, Huperzine A can increase the levels of acetylcholine; thus, it maintains neural transmission, which is important for memory, learning, and overall cognitive function.
Huperzine A has been studied as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. Some research suggests that it may improve memory and cognitive function in individuals with these conditions.

It is important to note that while Huperzine A shows promise as a cognitive enhancer, more research is needed to understand its effects and potential long-term benefits and risks fully. Like other nootropics, it should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

B Vitamins

B vitamins, particularly B6, B12, and folic acid (B9), play a crucial role in brain function. They help the body convert food into energy for cells, including brain cells and are important for the production of neurotransmitters that regulate mood, memory, and focus.

Summary

While the field of nootropics continues to evolve, it is evident that certain ingredients hold promise in supporting memory, focus, and overall cognitive well-being. However, further research and regulation are imperative to ensure safety, efficacy, and ethical use for some of them.

Here we gave a summary of some of the components of the brain and some potential brain enhancing ingredients. As we navigate this exciting frontier further it is essential to approach brain enhancement with a balanced perspective, acknowledging both the possibilities and limitations of these ingredients in enhancing our cognitive abilities.

Who was Typhoid Mary?

Photo of Mary Mallon ( Typhoid Mary) in hospital bed — Mary Mallon (Typhoid Mary) in hospital bed

Mary Mallon, otherwise known as Typhoid Mary, holds the title of one of history’s most notorious cases as a disease carrier. She gained infamy for being linked to multiple outbreaks of typhoid fever in the early 20th century. Mallon was born to an Irish family and worked as a cook, which is how she spread the disease when she came to the United States.

What Causes Typhoid Fever?

Composition of Medicaments Stop Typhoid showing doctor's chart — iStock

Salmonella bacteria is the ultimate cause of the disease and is found in places with unsanitary conditions. It is virtually nonexistent in the United States and other developed countries, but cases remain in Africa and Asia; however, conditions were not that optimum in the United States back in the 19th century.

Typhoid fever was a severe and often deadly illness transmitted primarily through contaminated food and water. However, the concept of asymptomatic carriers—people carrying and spreading disease without showing symptoms—was not widely understood at that time.

About Typhoid Mary

Born in 1869 in Cookstown, County Tyrone, Ireland, Mallon immigrated to the United States at a young age. She worked as a cook for wealthy families in New York City, a profession that would ultimately lead to her unfortunate notoriety.

Despite never showing signs of the illness, she unknowingly spread the bacteria to numerous people through the food she prepared. The precise number of infections attributed to her is unknown, but it is believed to be significant.

How Was It Determined That It Was Mary?

The first documented case occurred in 1900 when she worked for a family in Mamaroneck, New York. Several members of the household fell ill, which was later determined to be due to typhoid fever. Investigators traced the source of the outbreak back to Mary. However, lacking a proper understanding of disease transmission, Mary was not held accountable, and she moved on to work for other families in the area.

Over the next several years, wherever Mary went, outbreaks of typhoid fever followed her. It wasn’t until 1906, during an outbreak at the Sloane Maternity Hospital in New York City, that her role as an asymptomatic carrier was established. George Soper, a sanitary engineer investigating the outbreak, discovered that Mary had worked at several affected households before the outbreak. He identified her as a likely source of the infection and attempted to have her cooperate with health authorities. Still, Mary vehemently denied being a carrier and refused to provide samples for testing.

Eventually, Soper enlisted the help of Dr. Sara Josephine Baker, a pioneering public health official, to track down Mary. After a lengthy investigation, Mary was located and apprehended. Tests confirmed that she was indeed a carrier of typhoid fever, although she remained healthy herself. Mary was placed in isolation against her will at a hospital on North Brother Island in New York City’s East River, where she would spend the next three years.

Lesson Not Learned

In 1910, Mary was released from isolation under the condition that she never work as a cook again and take precautions to prevent the spreading of the disease. However, Mary soon returned to her profession, using aliases to conceal her identity and continuing to work as a cook in various establishments throughout New York City.

In 1915, another outbreak of typhoid fever was linked to Mary, and she was once again apprehended and returned to isolation on North Brother Island, where she would spend the remainder of her life. Despite numerous appeals for release, Mary remained in isolation until her death in 1938.

Rights Violated?

The case of Typhoid Mary sparked significant public debate about the rights of individuals versus the need to protect public health. Mary herself vehemently maintained her innocence and objected to being forcibly quarantined, while health officials argued that she posed a significant risk to the public.

When Was the Disease Erraticated?

The vaccine for typhoid fever was developed in the late 19th century by Almroth Edward Wright, who made the discovery that led to the development of the first effective typhoid vaccine in 1896. This marked a significant advancement in the prevention of typhoid fever and laid the foundation for subsequent research and development in vaccines.

Conclusion

Asymptomatic individuals can pose a significant risk to others who are not infected with a disease. The story of Typhoid Mary continues to be studied and debated by historians, epidemiologists, and ethicists to this day. Her case serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of understanding disease transmission and the delicate balance between individual rights and public health.

How to Overcome Sleep Deprivation

Man-having-trouble-sleeping-squeezes-a-pillow-around-his-ears

Overview

Our previous article focused on what causes you to feel tired during the day. In this article, we expand on this problem by providing some additional reasons for daytime tiredness, the associated illnesses, and what you can do about it. Let’s dive in.

One of the most common reasons for feeling tired is sleep deprivation. Adults typically require seven to nine hours of sleep each night. However, some individuals may not get enough sleep due to their busy schedules or other lifestyle factors. Chronic sleep deprivation can cause several health issues, such as obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Lack of sleep can also affect a person’s mood, cognitive functions, and overall quality of life. We all have felt this way at one time or another.

What Illnesses Cause Sleep Deprivation?

Sometimes, the issue may not be a lack of sleep but a sleep disorder. Sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy are some of the common sleep disorders that can cause excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep apnea occurs when a person’s breathing is interrupted during sleep, leading to poor-quality sleep. Restless leg syndrome occurs when a person experiences an uncomfortable sensation in their legs, making it difficult to fall asleep. Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness, which can lead to sudden sleep attacks.

Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome concept vector illustration. iStock A common ailment among many people, and a good percentage don’t even know they have it; sleep apnea is a sleep disorder that occurs when a person’s breathing is interrupted during sleep. When this happens, there could be a loss of oxygen in the brain. In addition, it can increase the chances of high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke, not to mention the dangers of driving or handling machinery when you are not 100% awake. There are treatments for sleep apnea. The most common is the CPAP machine. It is a bulky, noisy mask that you put over your face while you sleep, but there are dental devices that can work just as well, and the latest technology is where a small device is inserted near your heart.

My Pilow, Your Bed

Woman trying to fall asleep — Image by Taras Shevchenko from Pixabay

Another possible cause of fatigue is poor sleep quality. Even if a person gets the recommended amount of sleep, the quality of their sleep can be poor. Factors such as noise, an uncomfortable bed, and temperature can all impact the quality of your sleep. Medical conditions can also cause fatigue. Chronic fatigue syndrome, anemia, diabetes, hypothyroidism, and depression are some of the conditions that can cause chronic fatigue. Anemia is when the person has a low red blood cell count, leading to reduced oxygen supply to the body.

Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland is not producing enough thyroid hormones, leading to fatigue and other symptoms. Depression is a mental health condition that can cause physical and emotional symptoms, including fatigue. Lack of exercise is another factor that can lead to chronic fatigue. Regular exercise can help improve sleep quality and boost energy levels. Sedentary lifestyles can lead to reduced energy levels and increased risk of health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.

You Are What You Eat

Fast Food hamburger on a bub — Photo by Miguel Andrade on Unsplash

Poor nutrition can also cause fatigue. A diet lacking nutrients such as iron, vitamin B12, and magnesium can lead to fatigue. Eating a healthy and balanced meal can help improve energy levels and overall health. Lastly, chronic stress can also cause fatigue. Chronic stress can cause physical and emotional symptoms, including fatigue. Prolonged exposure to stress hormones can lead to the depletion of the body’s energy reserves. In conclusion, feeling tired or fatigued can indicate an underlying health issue.

While there are several reasons why a person may feel tired all the time, the most common reasons include sleep deprivation, sleep disorders, poor sleep quality, medical conditions, lack of exercise, poor nutrition, and chronic stress. It’s important to address chronic fatigue promptly as it can impact the person’s overall health and quality of life. Seeking professional medical advice and adopting healthy lifestyle habits can help alleviate fatigue and improve overall health.

How Healthy is Granola?

Granola is a popular breakfast and snack option that has gained a reputation for being a healthy choice that can be added to any meal. However, we need to be watchful of several factors, including its ingredients, serving size, and how it’s consumed, which will have an impact on how healthy this ingredient is. Let’s delve into the components of granola and its nutritional value to better understand its health implications.

Ingredients

Granola typically consists of rolled oats, nuts, seeds, dried fruits, sweeteners, and sometimes additional flavorings like spices or chocolate. Each ingredient contributes to its overall nutritional value. The following list details the usual ingredients found in granola.

- Rolled Oats: Oats are a good source of fiber, particularly beta-glucan, which can help lower cholesterol levels and improve heart health. They also provide complex carbohydrates, which offer sustained energy.
- Nuts and Seeds: Nuts and seeds are rich in healthy fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. They can contribute to satiety and provide essential nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids (in walnuts and flaxseeds) and magnesium (in almonds and sunflower seeds).
- Dried Fruits: Dried fruits offer natural sweetness and can provide additional fiber, vitamins, and minerals. However, they are also concentrated sources of sugar and calories, so moderation is key.
- Sweeteners: Some granolas contain added sweeteners such as honey, maple syrup, or cane sugar. While these can enhance flavor, they also contribute to the overall sugar content of the granola.
- Add some blueberries, strawberries, or other fruity items to your dish to make it even healthier.

Nutritional Value

The nutritional value of granola can vary widely depending on the specific ingredients and their proportions. Generally, granola provides a mix of carbohydrates, protein, fat, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Please read the label to confirm what ingredients are in it. Also, it’s important to be mindful of serving sizes, as granola can be calorie-dense.

- Carbohydrates: Granola is typically a carbohydrate-rich food due to the oats and added sweeteners. Carbohydrates provide energy, but excessive consumption of refined carbohydrates (e.g., granola with high sugar content) may lead to blood sugar spikes and energy crashes.
- Protein: Nuts, seeds, and occasionally grains in granola contribute to its protein content. Protein is essential for building and repairing tissues, supporting immune function, and promoting satiety.
- Fat: Granola contains nuts, seeds, and sometimes added oils, which provide healthy fats. These fats are important for brain health, hormone production, and nutrient absorption. However, some granolas may contain unhealthy fats from added oils or processed ingredients.
- Fiber: Oats, nuts, seeds, and dried fruits in granola contribute to its fiber content. Fiber is crucial for digestive health, promoting satiety, and regulating blood sugar levels.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Granola can provide various vitamins and minerals, mainly if it contains nuts, seeds, and dried fruits. These may include vitamin E, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc.

Health Considerations

While granola can be a nutritious addition to a balanced diet, there are some considerations to keep in mind:

- Added Sugars: Some granolas contain high amounts of sugars, which can contribute to excess calorie intake and negatively impact health if consumed in large quantities. Opt for granolas with minimal added sugars, or choose unsweetened varieties.
- Portion Size: Granola is calorie-dense, so it’s important to be mindful of portion sizes. A small serving can provide a satisfying crunch and nutrient boost without excessive calorie intake.
- Processed Ingredients: Some commercial granolas may contain processed ingredients, preservatives, and additives. Choose granolas with simple, whole-food ingredients whenever possible.
- Allergens: Granola contains nuts and gluten-containing grains. If you have food sensitivities or allergies, be mindful of potential allergens.

Summary

Granola can be a nutritious and convenient option for any meal, providing a mix of carbohydrates, protein, healthy fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. However, choosing varieties with wholesome ingredients, minimal added sugars, and moderate portion sizes is essential. Be aware of the sugar and calorie intake, especially if you are on a diet or have certain allergies.

By incorporating a balanced amount of granola into your meal or snack alongside other nutrient-dense foods, you can enjoy its health benefits while minimizing potential drawbacks.

Measles: A Resurgence of a Preventable Disease

Nurse holding a newborn baby with measles — iStock

What is Measles?

Measles (MeV) is a highly contagious respiratory illness that typically spreads through droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Measles primarily affects children, but it can occur in people of any age who haven’t been vaccinated or previously infected.

Symptoms

Woman with baby with the flu — Photo: iStock

The symptoms of measles usually appear about 10 to 14 days after exposure and can include:

- High fever
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)
- Tiny white spots with bluish-white centers on a red background inside the mouth (Koplik’s spots)
- A red, blotchy rash that usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body

On Its Way Back

Once considered nearly eradicated in the US and many developed countries, the disease has recently seen a surge in cases. This resurgence poses a significant public health threat, particularly to vulnerable populations like young children.

A Disease We Thought We Conquered

Maculopapular rash on the abdomen after 3 days of measles infection

Before widespread vaccination campaigns were initiated, measles was a common illness mainly affecting children. In the United States alone, an estimated 3-4 million cases occur annually, resulting in hundreds of deaths. However, the introduction of the MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine in 1963 dramatically changed the landscape of these diseases. By 2000, measles was declared eliminated in the US, meaning continuous transmission was no longer occurring.

Why Measles is Back

The resurgence of measles is attributed to several key factors:

- Decreased Vaccination Rates: Vaccine hesitancy, fueled by misinformation and mistrust in science, has led to declining vaccination rates in some communities. This creates pockets of susceptible individuals where the virus can quickly spread. The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated this issue, disrupting routine vaccinations and lowering overall vaccination rates.
- Global Travel: Measles is still prevalent in many parts of the world. Travelers infected with the virus can quickly bring it into countries with lower vaccination rates, sparking outbreaks.
- Waning Immunity: The effectiveness of the measles vaccine weakens over time. Booster shots are crucial for long-term protection, but some individuals may neglect getting them.

The Impact of the Resurgence

The return of measles is concerning for several reasons:

- Serious Complications: Measles is not a benign illness. It can lead to severe complications like pneumonia, encephalitis (brain swelling), and even death. These complications are dangerous for young children and those with compromised immune systems.
- Outbreaks: When vaccination rates fall below a critical threshold (around 95%), “herd immunity” (those areas where the diseases have been mostly eradicated) weakens. The virus can easily spread through a community, even infecting vaccinated people.
- Strain on Healthcare Systems: Measles outbreaks can significantly burden healthcare systems, requiring hospitalization for some patients and diverting resources from other critical medical needs.

The Importance of Vaccination

Person getting covid injection — Photo by Frank Merino from Pexels

Many of us, especially if we live in New York State, probably don’t remember getting a measles vaccine when we were young, but rest assured we did! It is mandatory in New York State; however, that does not mean we won’t get it again. According to experts, the chances are unlikely that you will acquire it, but even if you do, your symptoms will be much milder than someone who wasn’t vaccinated. The best advice would be to talk to your doctor and see if you need a booster shot.

The good news is that measles is an entirely preventable disease through vaccination. The MMR vaccine is safe and highly effective, offering long-term protection against measles, mumps, and rubella.

Here’s what you can do:

- Get Vaccinated: Ensure you and your family are up-to-date on your MMR vaccinations. Consult your doctor if you have any questions or concerns.
- Educate Yourself: Seek reliable information about vaccine safety and effectiveness from reputable sources like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or the World Health Organization (WHO).
- Advocate for Vaccination: Encourage others to get vaccinated and dispel myths or misinformation surrounding vaccines.

By working together to increase vaccination rates, we can prevent the spread of measles and protect ourselves and our communities from this potentially devastating disease.