Understanding pH and Healthy Water

A Woman's Hand Filling Water from a Water Purifier — iStock

pH What?

Before we delve into the health of water, let’s define a few terms related to this subject.

- Acidity: Acidity means that an element (in the periodic table) can donate protons or accept electrons. Not all elements can do this, but for those that can donate protons, it happens during chemical reactions. One example is sulfuric acid, which can cause two protons to be donated. So, the underlying idea is to understand that any substances called ‘acids’ have the ability to donate protons in chemical reactions.

- Alkalinity: This process counters the hydrogen ions that enter a water body or solution. This action helps maintain the pH relatively stable, preventing it from becoming too acidic, which is not good for the environment, specifically drinking water.

- pH: pH, which stands for “potential of hydrogen,” is a scale that measures the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. Its numeric representation ranges from 0 to 14. Specifically, it indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. A pH of 7 is considered neutral, while values below 7 are acidic and above 7 are alkaline.

Water’s pH is crucial in determining its quality and potential health effects. Healthy water typically falls within a specific pH range suitable for human consumption. Let’s delve deeper into how pH relates to healthy water and why maintaining optimal pH levels is essential.

pH and Drinking Water

Yes, water can taste good, and it’s related to pH. Let’s take a look.

The pH of drinking water can vary depending on various factors, such as the original source of the water and the process by which the water is treated. Drinking water with a pH between 6.5 and 8.5 is considered healthy, but water below 6.5 may taste acidic (remember, acidity means atoms that can donate protons). Water with a pH above 8.5 may taste bitter but contain dissolved minerals like calcium and magnesium.

Acidic vs. Alkaline Water

pH value scale chart for acid and alkaline solutions. iStock

As mentioned, water with a pH below 6.5 is considered acidic. Water with pH levels on or below 6 is considered lightly acidic and generally safe to drink. However, highly acidic water (below pH 5) can not only be harmful to our health but can cause such things as plumbing fixtures to begin to corrode. And if that’s the case, just think what it can do to your teeth!

Water with a pH above 7 is known as alkaline and in contrast to acidic water, alkaline water is known to have some health benefits. One study done in 2020 with mice showed it helped improve the aging process.

Maybe that’s because our bodies tend to be more alkaline naturally by a slight margin, with pH levels ranging from 7.35 to 7.45. In so doing, water within these levels can help support the body’s natural pH balance and maintain ideal hydration, so it is recommended to stay within this range when drinking water; however, many scientists believe that, in general, drinking alkaline water with a pH level of around 8 may be more beneficial in terms of hydration and bone health. It may also assist in the antioxidant process. But more scientific research is needed.

But let’s not overdo it. Drinking alkaline water excessively may alter the body’s pH balance too much, leading to negative health issues, such as disturbing the digestive system and causing acid reflux, and can possibly cause alkalosis, which can result in various health issues.

Drinking water with a pH that deviates significantly from the body’s natural pH on either side will most likely disrupt our internal processes and can potentially lead to more severe health issues. For instance, highly acidic water may irritate the digestive system and contribute to conditions like acid reflux, while highly alkaline water can also cause digestive issues and skin irritation.

Water Treatment and pH Adjustment

When living in the Bronx, this author’s father once said, “NYC water is the best water you can drink,” and he’s right. Just think of the consequences if 8.5 million people drink water that is not treated correctly!

Water treatment facilities adjust the pH of drinking water to ensure it meets regulatory standards and is safe for consumption. Common methods for pH adjustment include adding alkaline substances like lime or sodium hydroxide to raise pH or using acids like carbon dioxide or sulfuric acid to lower pH. The water is also tested frequently.

Testing and Monitoring pH

test strip in wate for PH testing — iStock

Water treatment plants regularly test and monitor pH to ensure quality and safety. Home testing kits or DIY tests are available if you’d like to test your water’s pH.

Conclusion

The ideal pH range for drinking water is between 6.5 and 8.5.

pH is a critical factor in determining the quality and suitability of water for drinking. Healthy water typically falls within a pH range of 6.5 to 8.5, which is compatible with the body’s natural pH balance and supports optimal hydration.

In general, water with a pH level below 6.5 is considered acidic, and Water with a pH level above 7 is alkaline. To easily remember which side of the pH scale is acidic and which is alkaline, use the phrase “Highline Alkaline.” This mnemonic links to the famous High Line park in NYC, helping you recall that alkaline substances are on the higher end of the pH scale, while acidic substances are on the lower end.

Proper pH levels in water ensure its safety and taste. Regular testing and pH monitoring help identify deviations from the optimal range and facilitate appropriate corrective measures to maintain water quality and health.

How to Overcome Sleep Deprivation

Man-having-trouble-sleeping-squeezes-a-pillow-around-his-ears

Overview

Our previous article focused on what causes you to feel tired during the day. In this article, we expand on this problem by providing some additional reasons for daytime tiredness, the associated illnesses, and what you can do about it. Let’s dive in.

One of the most common reasons for feeling tired is sleep deprivation. Adults typically require seven to nine hours of sleep each night. However, some individuals may not get enough sleep due to their busy schedules or other lifestyle factors. Chronic sleep deprivation can cause several health issues, such as obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Lack of sleep can also affect a person’s mood, cognitive functions, and overall quality of life. We all have felt this way at one time or another.

What Illnesses Cause Sleep Deprivation?

Sometimes, the issue may not be a lack of sleep but a sleep disorder. Sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy are some of the common sleep disorders that can cause excessive daytime sleepiness. Sleep apnea occurs when a person’s breathing is interrupted during sleep, leading to poor-quality sleep. Restless leg syndrome occurs when a person experiences an uncomfortable sensation in their legs, making it difficult to fall asleep. Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness, which can lead to sudden sleep attacks.

Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome concept vector illustration. iStock A common ailment among many people, and a good percentage don’t even know they have it; sleep apnea is a sleep disorder that occurs when a person’s breathing is interrupted during sleep. When this happens, there could be a loss of oxygen in the brain. In addition, it can increase the chances of high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke, not to mention the dangers of driving or handling machinery when you are not 100% awake. There are treatments for sleep apnea. The most common is the CPAP machine. It is a bulky, noisy mask that you put over your face while you sleep, but there are dental devices that can work just as well, and the latest technology is where a small device is inserted near your heart.

My Pilow, Your Bed

Woman trying to fall asleep — Image by Taras Shevchenko from Pixabay

Another possible cause of fatigue is poor sleep quality. Even if a person gets the recommended amount of sleep, the quality of their sleep can be poor. Factors such as noise, an uncomfortable bed, and temperature can all impact the quality of your sleep. Medical conditions can also cause fatigue. Chronic fatigue syndrome, anemia, diabetes, hypothyroidism, and depression are some of the conditions that can cause chronic fatigue. Anemia is when the person has a low red blood cell count, leading to reduced oxygen supply to the body.

Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland is not producing enough thyroid hormones, leading to fatigue and other symptoms. Depression is a mental health condition that can cause physical and emotional symptoms, including fatigue. Lack of exercise is another factor that can lead to chronic fatigue. Regular exercise can help improve sleep quality and boost energy levels. Sedentary lifestyles can lead to reduced energy levels and increased risk of health issues such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.

You Are What You Eat

Fast Food hamburger on a bub — Photo by Miguel Andrade on Unsplash

Poor nutrition can also cause fatigue. A diet lacking nutrients such as iron, vitamin B12, and magnesium can lead to fatigue. Eating a healthy and balanced meal can help improve energy levels and overall health. Lastly, chronic stress can also cause fatigue. Chronic stress can cause physical and emotional symptoms, including fatigue. Prolonged exposure to stress hormones can lead to the depletion of the body’s energy reserves. In conclusion, feeling tired or fatigued can indicate an underlying health issue.

While there are several reasons why a person may feel tired all the time, the most common reasons include sleep deprivation, sleep disorders, poor sleep quality, medical conditions, lack of exercise, poor nutrition, and chronic stress. It’s important to address chronic fatigue promptly as it can impact the person’s overall health and quality of life. Seeking professional medical advice and adopting healthy lifestyle habits can help alleviate fatigue and improve overall health.

Top 10 Medical Advancements of 2023

Robot touching computer screen — 3D rendering 3D illustration of medical artificial intelligence robot working in a future hospital. Futuristic prosthetic healthcare for patients and biomedical technology concept.

We published an article on medical advancements in 2018, but five years have passed, and the advances in medicine have been astounding. Let’s look at some of the most significant medical advancements in recent years that have the potential to change medicine as we know it today!

CRISPR Gene Editing

Concept of treatment and adjustment of DNA molecule. — Wouldn’t it be great for medical scientists to replace bad genes with healthy ones?

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, or CRISPR, is a fairly new biological process that allows scientists to modify the DNA of living organisms.

The name arises from clustered DNA sequences composed of a succession of repeats (short or long patterns of DNA, also RNA, that occur in multiple copies) separated by unique sequences called spacers.

It has made significant strides in genealogical research, but what is most appealing is its potential ability to cure certain diseases by editing faulty genes responsible for the disease.

CAR T-Cell Therapy

Cancer cell, CAR t-cell (lymphocyte) and red blood cells on red background. vector Poster about immunotherapy or chemotherapy cancer — Cancer cell and CAR t-cell (lymphocyte) and red blood cells. Photo: iStock

This therapy, technically called Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, uses a patient’s own immune cells to attack cancer cells. Your immune system keeps track of all the substances normally found in your body. Any substance the immune system doesn’t recognize triggers an alarm, causing the system to attack it.

More specifically, it is a way to get immune cells called T cells (a type of white blood cell) to fight cancer by changing them in the lab so they can find and destroy the bad cells.

CAR T-cell therapy is also sometimes called cell-based gene therapy because it involves altering the genes inside T cells to help them attack the carcinogen.

This type of treatment can be very helpful in treating some types of cancer, even when other treatments are no longer working.

3D Printing in Medicine

Man applying prosthetics arm to a patient — Image by RAEng_Publications from Pixabay

Most of us have already seen or heard of 3D printing, but how is it applied to medicine? 3D printing technology has already been used to create customized implants, prosthetics, and human organs. Let’s look at what 3D printing has done for the medical field, starting with the heart, as major accomplishments have been achieved in creating an actual 3D heart and some individual organs.

The 3D Heart

Doctors and scientists at Tel Aviv University in Israel have created the world’s first 3D-printed heart from human cells. This heart includes all the major components that connect to this life-and-death organ: the blood vessels, left and right ventricles, and its chambers.

At Stanford University, bioengineers are experimenting with living cells that will develop into living heart tissue using 3D printing.

But that’s not all. 3D printing that can replace defective or missing human organs is being researched worldwide. Let’s take a look.

1. Surgical Training
  Using 3D-printed anatomical models is undoubtedly the perfect training for medical professionals. Surgeons can now understand the patient’s anatomy more than ever before and improve surgical outcomes.
2. Prosthetics
  3D printing allows for the creation of personalized prosthetics, which is designed to match the anatomy of the individual perfectly. Not only is this a great advance for those who lose limbs due to diseases or accidents, but it is extremely helpful for over 150,000 veterans who would benefit from this technology.
3. Patient-Specific Implants: Surgeons can use 3D printing to create implants tailored to a patient’s unique anatomy. This is particularly valuable in complex cases where off-the-shelf implants may not fit optimally or provide the required level of support.
  3D bioprinter. iStock
4. Organ and Tissue Bioprinting: While still an evolving technology, 3D bioprinting holds great promise for creating functional human organs and tissues for transplantation. This could potentially alleviate the shortage of organ donors and reduce the risk of transplant rejection.
5. Drug Delivery Systems: 3D printing enables the production of complex drug delivery systems, such as personalized drug dosage forms or implants that release drugs gradually over time, improving treatment effectiveness and patient compliance.
6. Medical Devices: 3D printing allows for the rapid prototyping and production of medical devices, ranging from simple instruments to more complex tools used in surgeries or diagnostic procedures.
7. Orthotics and Wearables: Customized orthotic devices, such as braces and supports, can be easily produced using 3D printing technology, improving patient comfort and treatment outcomes.
8. Education and Research: 3D-printed models are valuable educational tools for medical students and researchers. They can help them learn anatomy, practice surgical techniques, and explore new treatment options.
9. Accessibility and Cost-Effectiveness: 3D printing can reduce the cost of manufacturing medical devices and prosthetics, making them more accessible to patients, especially in resource-constrained regions.
10. Emergency Medicine: In remote or disaster-stricken areas, 3D printing can quickly produce essential medical supplies or devices, helping to bridge the gap until conventional supply chains can be restored.

It’s important to note that while 3D printing has shown immense potential in the medical field, it also raises some ethical and regulatory considerations, especially concerning bioprinting and patient-specific implants. Therefore, ongoing research and responsible implementation are crucial to fully harnessing this technology’s benefits while upholding patient safety and ethical standards.

Precision Medicine

Precision medicine is a personalized approach to healthcare that considers a patient’s unique genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors when diagnosing and treating disease. It has the potential to improve patient outcomes greatly.

Regenerative Medicine

Many animals can regenerate. Now, add humans to the list. Here, doctors use stem cells and other techniques to repair or replace damaged tissue or organs. This technique can potentially revolutionize the treatment of a wide range of diseases and injuries.

Liquid Biopsies

Liquid biopsies are a less invasive alternative to traditional biopsies and can detect cancer at an early stage. They are expected to become more widely used in the coming years.

Nanomedicine

Artist's rendering of nano robots interfacing with red blood cells — Artist’s illustration of nanomedicine robots inside a human artery flowing inside as a treatment for disease

No. Not Nano Nano from Mork and Mindy. This is mind-boggling stuff!
Nanomedicine involves using very tiny man-made devices called nanoparticles to deliver drugs and treat diseases at a cellular level. It has the potential to improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects greatly.

Virtual Reality Therapy

Virtual reality therapy is a type of therapy that uses immersive technology to help patients with mental health disorders, phobias, and chronic pain. It is effective in some cases and is expected to continue growing in popularity.

Artificial Intelligence

Illus — Doctors studying robotic AI to diagnose virtual Human Lungs with viruses spread inside

We saved the best for last! Artificial Intelligence. AI is used to improve diagnosis, develop personalized treatments, and streamline administrative tasks. It is expected to become more prevalent in the coming years.

One of the most significant advancements in medical AI is its potential to diagnose issues with much greater accuracy. Machine learning algorithms can now analyze X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans with a precision never imagined.

These AI programs are designed to detect subtle anomalies that doctors might miss. These faint but undoubtedly significant detections can provide more accurate diagnoses of cancer and other serious medical issues. Subsequently, they will allow medical professionals to detect life-threatening diseases much earlier.

Conclusion

We live in an exciting time for medical advancements, and there is no telling how far these technologies will take us. However, anyone who watches Star Trek may have a pretty good idea of what’s in store!

What Causes Dry Mouth and How to Deal With It?

Human Teeth — *Teeth and the oral cavity* (pexels.com)

Every wake up and find your mouth totally dry? Well, if so, it is something that should be corrected as it can lead to issues and not just in your mouth. Let’s explore why.

Saliva, the lubricant produced in the mouth, is like a health tonic for our teeth and gums. It is estimated that our mouth produces around 48 – 60 ounces of saliva every day. Here is why this lubricating liquid is absolutely essential.

It prevents infection in the oral cavity by controlling the growth of microorganisms in the mouth.
Saliva facilitates the transportation of food from the oral cavity to the digestive tract.
It possesses antibacterial properties that protect teeth from cavities.
It is also rich in calcium and phosphorus which ensures healthy teeth.
Saliva also prevents infection by controlling bacteria and fungi in the mouth.
Acts as a lubricant that prevents food particles from sticking to teeth and gums.
Neutralizes the acid from the stomach and helps keep gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) in control. GERD is one of the leading causes of heartburn.

In all, we need saliva to keep our oral cavity clean and healthy. But there are instances when the saliva production in the mouth decreases resulting in dry mouth. The implications may range from simple discomfort to something which can have a significant impact on your oral and digestive health. Also, it can greatly affect your appetite and a general liking for food. Medically, this condition is known as xerostomia.

There are numerous reasons which can lead to dry mouth and fortunately, many treatments can help against this condition. Below you will find out about the potential causes of this condition and several tips for managing it.

What Causes Dry Mouth?

Picture of dry toung — ***Xerostomia*** *(CC wikimedia)*

The condition occurs when the salivary glands present in the mouth do not produce sufficient saliva to keep the mouth clean. Some of the reasons which can affect the functioning of salivary glands include:

Medications

Dry mouth is a side effect of several medications and over-the-counter drugs. Medicines used to treat depression, anxiety, and high blood pressure are one of the potential sources. Also, medicines used to treat congestions, muscle spasm and general pain can lead to reduced production of saliva.

Aging

As people age, it is common for them to experience this dryness. The condition is more common in women compared to men. Inadequate nutrition, poor oral health, use of medications and changes in the ability of the body to process medications all lead to dry mouth.

Cancer Treatment

Drugs used to treat cancer can have a significant impact on the production of saliva. Chemotherapy and radiation used to treat cancer can temporarily or permanently damage the production of saliva in the mouth. The implications of cancer treatment on saliva production depend upon the affected area and dose of medicine.

Health Conditions

Dry mouth can be a result of various health conditions such as diabetes, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. Infections such as thrush in the mouth can also decrease the production of saliva. Autoimmune disorders such as Sjorgen’s syndrome are also considered to be one of the causes of dry mouth. Problems associated with the nasal cavity such as breathing with the mouth open, sinusitis and snoring can contribute towards this condition as well. An injury or damage to the nerves in the head and neck region can also result in a temporary or permanent reduction in saliva production.

Use of Alcohol, Tobacco and Recreational Drugs

In the long run, use of alcohol and tobacco can reduce the production of saliva in the oral cavity. Recreational drugs such as methamphetamine or marijuana can lead to severe dryness. It also damages the teeth and gums.

Effective Tips for Treating Dry Mouth

On a positive note, this condition can be treated. However, the treatment depends upon the cause of the condition and its severity. Below, you will find 10 tips that are effective against dealing with dry mouth regardless of the cause.

Chewing Gum

Chewing stimulates the production of saliva; however, it is only effective if the salivary glands are still working even to some extent. In case the salivary glands are permanently damaged, chewing gum won’t help. Here it is important to use sugar-free gum only. Sugar-free gum protects the oral cavity against cavities. This is even more important in the case of dry mouth because it is more prone to developing cavities.

Add Fiber

Fibrous foods including apples, carrots and celery help promote your oral health. They help fight off the harmful bacteria which helps enhance saliva production.

Keep a Check on Alcohol and Caffeine

As mentioned earlier, excessive use of caffeine and alcohol can lead to a shortage of saliva so it is important to keep a check on the intake of both.

Increase Water Intake

Though water is not a substitute for saliva, increasing water intake helps ease the symptoms. Here you should remember that most bottled water does not contain fluoride. This means that for a sufficient amount of fluoride, you will still have to rely on fluoride toothpaste or mouthwash.

Rely on Natural Moisturiser

Most cases of severe dryness can benefit from the use of natural products such as carboxymethyl cellulose gels and ointments. Others have found a mixture of water and glycerin very effective.

Use a Humidifier

Use of a room humidifier will keep your nasal and respiratory passages moist. As a result, even if you breathe with your mouth open, your internal membranes will remain moist and you are less likely to experience dry mouth.

Avoid Medicines Which Lead to Dry Mouth

It is important to discuss the side effects of all the drugs with your primary healthcare provider. In case you have prescribed a medicine that leads to dry mouth, you can always ask your healthcare provider to prescribe an alternate one.

Use of Floss and Mouthwash

Flossing and use of mouthwash are critical for maintaining oral health. But in case of dry mouth, you should beware of the type of mouthwash you need to use. Alcohol-based mouthwashes such as Listerine can actually kill the healthy bacteria in the mouth and result in more dryness. So non-alcoholic mouthwashes are a better choice if you already have a dry mouth.

Go for Prescribed Medicines to Stimulate Saliva Production

In case of more severe cases, you can always go for prescribed treatment to increase saliva production. However, it is essential that you seek advice from your healthcare provider before you start any treatment to stimulate the production of saliva in the mouth.

Take Special Care of Your Oral Health

In some cases, there is no effective way to treat dry mouth. In that case, protecting your oral cavity becomes a priority. Regularly see your dentist to identify and treat any cavities or other issues with your teeth and gum. Since the natural lubricant is not present, you might also need regular cleaning.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Hand Injury illustration — Yayimages.com

Overview

When I was in high school, I took a typing class where the main objective was to keep on typing since ‘practice makes perfect’. Back in the day, considering possible harm to your hand was as foreign as the former planet Pluto is today. Needless to say, the term ‘carpal tunnel syndrome’ was not in anyone’s vocabulary at the time.

But, in truth, carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common conditions of the hand. It’s a major nerve, called the median nerve, which travels through the wrist. The carpal tunnel is the path through which the median nerve passes. The nerve provides sensation to the inner side of the thumb, and to the index, middle, and part of the ring finger. The little finger is usually not affected by this condition. When the median nerve is compressed, it leads to numbness in fingers, and weakness in some parts of the hand. It also causes pain in the hands and the wrist.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a progressive condition that worsens over time. Also if the nerve continues to get compressed, it can lead to permanent damage. So it is important to treat it as soon as possible.

Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Hands typing on a computer — Photo by Damian Zaleski on Unsplash

There are many factors that contribute to developing this condition. Some of which includes the following:

Repetitive Motion

Repetitive motion of the wrist makes a person more prone to developing carpal tunnel syndrome. Professional typists, assembly line workers, and weight lifters are at a higher risk of this condition.

Medical Conditions

Medical conditions such as hypothyroidism, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes can increase the risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome. The development of a cyst in the carpal tunnel can also lead to compression of the median nerve.

Pregnancy

Fluid retention in the body during pregnancy is also one of the causes of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Heredity

Genetics can play a role as well. Some people may have a smaller carpal tunnel. This leaves little space for the median nerve and results in compression.

Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Since the condition affects the nerve, it can lead to one or more of the following symptoms:

- - Tingling, numbness, and burning sensation in the palm, thumb, and fingers.
  - Fingers may feel heavy and swollen despite no apparent swelling.
  - Decrease in grip strength along with pain in the wrists.
  - The symptoms are more severe when the person wakes up. As the condition progresses, people continue to experience tingling, numbness, and pain throughout the day.

The condition can affect one or both hands.

Risk of Developing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

The condition is three times more common in women compared to men. This is because the tunnel is naturally narrower in women’s bodies. People with medical conditions like diabetes are more likely to develop it. This is because metabolic disorders like diabetes directly affect a person’s nerves.

Assembly line workers involved in manufacturing, sewing, and meat packaging, along with professional typists, are at a higher risk of developing this condition. It is rare among adults younger than 20 years of age. However, the chances of getting carpal tunnel syndrome increase with age.

Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Since it is a progressive condition, early diagnosis plays an important role in effectively treating carpal tunnel syndrome. A physical exam of the hand, shoulder, elbows, and arm can help determine a person’s ability to perform day-to-day tasks such as gripping. Routine lab tests include an x-ray, which helps rule out the possibility of a fracture or arthritis.

More specialized techniques for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome include electromyography and MRI scans. Electromyography is a recording technique that detects the nerve’s ability to send signals to the muscles. This helps indicate the severity of the damage to the median nerve. An MRI scan is very detailed imaging of the carpal tunnel, however, it is not considered very useful in the diagnosis of this condition.

Treatment Options

Treatment should start immediately after the diagnosis. A professional doctor can recommend the right treatment depending upon the age and overall health of the patient. Usually, doctors opt for non-surgical treatments but in case of more severe symptoms, surgery is often the last resort.

Non-Surgical Treatments

Splinting

One of the first treatments recommended to treat carpal tunnel is splinting. Doctors recommend wearing a splint at night. This helps reduce the pressure on the nerve. It is also one of the best ways to manage symptoms of tingling and numbness, especially at night.

Medication

Doctors often recommend the use of painkillers along with anti-inflammatory properties. This helps reduce the swelling of the nerve, which in turn helps manage the symptoms of carpal tunnel.

Corticosteroids Injections

If pain and other symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome do not subside with the use of oral medicines, doctors recommend injecting corticosteroids in the wrist. This helps reduce the inflammation of the nerve due to compression. It is one of the most effective non-surgical treatments of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Lifestyle Changes

If the condition is caused by repetitive motion, doctors often recommend taking frequent breaks during the day. They may also suggest certain stretching and muscle strengthening exercises that help relieve the pressure from the nerve.

Surgical Treatment

Carpal tunnel surgery is one of the most common hand surgical procedures in the US. It involves cutting a ligament around the wrist. This procedure helps reduce the pressure on the median nerve. The surgery is often performed as a daycare treatment under local anesthesia. Doctors may choose one of the following methods of severing the ligament.

Open Release Surgery

The procedure involves an open incision which can be up to two inches in the wrist. It is followed by cutting the ligament which helps open up space in the tunnel.

Endoscopic Surgery

This surgery is performed using a laparoscopic camera. The camera helps identify the location of the nerve and the ligament. A small knife is inserted through a tube which then cuts the ligament. This procedure has a higher risk of complications and the need for another surgery. Thus it is not a preferred method by doctors.

Seven Simple Ways to Boost Energy

As life gets busy, most people regularly feel tired and drained. Fatigue is a very common condition. People often associate low energy levels with stress, pressure at work or college, or pressure at home. However, many factors affect your energy levels.

If you constantly feel drained and lethargic, you don’t need to gulp down energy drinks. You simply need to make a few lifestyle changes. Below are some simple ways to boost your energy levels:

Get Enough Sleep

According to research, 50-70 million Americans suffer from sleep disorders. Sleep is a natural process to restore energy. It is the time during which the body repairs from the wear and tear of daily life. It is also during sleep when the brain processes information and rewires itself. Lack of sleep can make you feel lethargic and tired in the short term. But persistent lack of sleep can have serious consequences in the long run.

An average person should get between 6-8 hours of sleep. Individual needs may vary and some people need more sleep than others. If you have trouble falling or staying asleep, you can try winding up your day in a relaxing way. Try to avoid the use of cell phones, televisions, and laptops in your bedroom. A warm bath, a good read, and a comfortable room temperature will all help you fall asleep easily and more peacefully.

Eat a Healthy Diet

You are what you eat. Your diet is one of the biggest influences on how you look and feel. If you have low energy levels, have a look at your diet. A healthy diet is all about having a balanced intake of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. You also need to incorporate dairy products. Relying too much on a certain food group can have negative effects on your energy levels.

Consuming a balanced diet is important, but you also need to make sure that you do not skip meals. Most people skip breakfast while they are running late for work. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. A healthy breakfast helps maintain energy levels throughout the day. Another important consideration is adding nutritional snacks in between meals. A handful of nuts, granola, or yogurt will give you an energy boost while you are waiting for the next meal.

Move More

Fit Brunette Woman Running on Treadmill with Music

We are all aware of the benefits of exercise. It helps us maintain body weight, improve muscle strength and flexibility, and reduces the risk of various diseases and exercise is one of the best ways to boost energy levels. While exercise burns calories, it gives a boost to your metabolism. An active metabolism, in turn, helps maintain energy levels.

Lower Your Stress Levels

Stress is one of the most undesirable effects of today’s busy lives. The constant pressure at work, home, and relationships makes it difficult to concentrate. People today are more stressed, frustrated, and anxious than ever before.

A certain amount of anxiety can be good. It keeps us moving towards our goals. However, constant high levels of stress can seriously affect a person’s physical and mental health. It is also one of the biggest causes of why people feel drained. Thus, to boost energy levels, it is important to reduce stress.

Some of the strategies used include lifestyle changes. Sleep hygiene helps lower stress levels. Meditation and spending some time in nature or going for a walk alone are all helpful when it comes to reducing stress. If you want to get rid of troubling thoughts, writing down your thoughts in a journal also helps lower stress levels.

Stay Hydrated

Water is life. 70% of the human body is made up of water. Throughout the day, we tend to lose water from the body. Loss of water in the form of sweat and urine can cause dehydration. By the time you feel thirsty, your body is already dehydrated. This can have a compound effect on your brain function and energy levels.

Girl Drinking Water After Aerobics Exercise

A daily intake of ten glasses of water is enough to keep you hydrated. Unfortunately, people are often so preoccupied with work that they forget to drink water. One simple solution to this problem is to drink at regular intervals throughout the day. Make a conscious effort to drink more water every day and you should notice a lift in your energy levels.

Reduce Sugar Intake

Humans have a natural inclination towards sugar. When looking for a snack, we automatically reach for something sweet. Though the intake of sugar gives an instant energy boost, its effect is short-lived. This is because the body releases a large amount of insulin to digest the sugar. Thus, people often experience high energy levels followed by a dip.

To boost your energy levels in a more sustained manner, it is a good idea to rely on complex carbohydrates. They are released more slowly into the bloodstream and are ideal for maintaining energy levels.

Avoid Smoking

Smoking can have detrimental effects on your health. While it increases the risk of respiratory problems and heart diseases, it can also affect your energy levels. Regular smoking interferes with the amount of oxygen that flows to the body’s organs. When insufficient oxygen is supplied to your body, this makes you feel tired. Passive smoking can have similar effects on the body.

If you are a smoker, one of the best ways to boost your energy is to avoid smoking. You can start by reducing the number of cigarettes every day and gradually avoid it altogether.

Feeling low? You don’t need an energy drink to boost your energy levels. Trying some of the above-mentioned methods will surely help lift your energy.

What You Need to Know About Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a commonly occurring chronic joint condition that is a progressive disease, which means that it gets worse with time. It’s also known as degenerative joint disease, degenerative arthritis, wear-and-tear arthritis.

When two bones come together at a point, they form a joint. The end of each bone is covered with a protective tissue known as cartilage, similar to oil in a car engine, acting as a buffer between the bones. People who suffer from OA have worn out cartilages, which allows the bones to rub against each other. This results in pain, inflammation and stiffness in the joints. It can lead to a slow breakdown of the joints as well.

Older people are usually the ones who suffer from this condition; however, adults of any age can have this condition. Although there’s no cure, regular treatments can be quite useful to reduce the pain and swelling and help a person stay active and mobile.

Causes

OA mostly occurs when the body fails to repair the cartilage. The joint is damaged over time, which is why age is a major contributing cause of OA. As people in the old age have joints that have undergone more wear and tear.

At times, genetics can also play a role in the increased risk of the development of this condition. In case the condition is hereditary, even people who are just 20 years old can be victims of OA.

The condition can also occur as a result of a traumatic injury, surgery or overuse of the joints due to certain jobs and sports that require repetitive movements. As this doesn’t allow the body to carry out regular repairs, it eventually leads to OA. It might take years after an injury for the symptoms to be evident.

Some other diseases and conditions that increase the chances of developing OA are inflammatory arthritis, septic arthritis, Paget’s disease, obesity, poor posture, misalignment of the hip, knee, and ankle, unequal length of the legs, or by birth joint and cartilage abnormalities.

Gender is also among the risk factors, where females are more likely to suffer from OA as compared to males.

Symptoms

OA can occur in any joint of the body, but it typically occurs in the hand, fingertips, spine, hips, and knees. A person suffering from an early stage of OA may not experience any symptoms. They may appear gradually, and the condition might cause pain, stiffness or inflammation in one or more joints.

As the condition develops, the pain and stiffness also intensify due to limited movements of the joint. In addition, swelling, loss of muscle bulk, warmth and tenderness, and difficulty in movement of the joint may occur. You might also observe a grating or crackling sound in the joint, known as crepitus.

It may also cause synovitis – a mild inflammation of the tissue surrounding the joint, damage and loss of cartilage, and bone spurs or osteophytes – bony growths that form around the edges of joints.

The condition can be managed more effectively if the symptoms are diagnosed at an early stage of OA.

Diagnosis

As OA usually develops over time, it can be quite difficult to diagnose it, unless the pain or impairing symptoms appear. The doctor asks you regarding the symptoms and carries out a physical examination. However, there’s no definitive test that can diagnose the condition.

Some tests can show if the joint is damaged and help rule out other conditions. An x-ray or MRI scan can help to reveal bone spurs around the joints or a narrowing within the joints, which indicates a broken cartilage. An accident that might require an x-ray may help reveal an early-stage OA.

Another test called joint fluid analysis involves drawing fluid from the inflamed joint, which is analyzed. It helps to rule out the possibility of an infection or gout. Blood tests can help reveal whether rheumatoid arthritis is the cause of joint pain.

Treatment

Even though none of the treatment options can reverse the damage of OA, a number of them can reduce the symptoms and allow movement of the affected joints. This involves medication, exercise, manual therapy, and lifestyle modification.

Medication

Several medicines can help to ease the pain. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)is effective for people with mild to moderate symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are a stronger pain reliever, which might include aspirin, ibuprofen, or diclofenac. It can be taken orally or topically, applying the medication directly to the skin.

Capsaicin cream contains active compounds found in chilies. It creates a heat sensation that reduces pain. Intra-articular cortisone injections are effective for severe pain, inflammation, and swelling.

Physical Therapy

There are various types of physical therapies, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, which involves passing an electric current through the skin that reduces the ability of the nervous system to transmit pain signals.

Thermotherapy helps to reduce pain and stiffness in the joints with sensations of heat and cold. Physical therapist do manual therapy to keep the joints flexible and supple.

There is also yoga. Studies have been made that show how Yoga improves bone density. It can improve posture and coordination and anxiety. With yoga, there are no side effects, and you can do it for as long as you live.

Assistive Devices

People with OA can use different tools for physical support. Special footwear or insole helps to evenly distribute body weight which is beneficial if the condition affects the feet, hips or knees. Shock-absorbing insoles may also reduce the pressure on the joints.

Using a cane on the opposite side of the body to the affected area, it helps transfer the bodyweight of the joints and limit the risk of a fall. Leg braces, splints and other support materials help to rest a joint.

Surgery

In case the condition is severe, and the therapy isn’t effective anymore, the doctors recommend surgery. Some of these surgeries are arthroplasty, arthrodesis, and osteotomy.

Make sure to consult for a physician before trying any of these methods.

Essential Oils 101: What You Need to Know

Woman with arm filled with oil — www.unsplash.com/photos/r40EYKVyutI

Essential Oils

Essential oils are liquid compounds extracted from various plant parts such as leaves, herbs, barks, and rinds. These oils hold the essence of the plants they’re extracted from and have a stronger smell than the plant itself.

The method of preparation is either through distillation or a mechanical method known as cold pressing. The concentrated extract is then added to any carrier oil so it’s ready to use, but it no longer remains pure.

Types of Essential Oils

Several plants contain potentially active compounds. These plants are used in large quantities to utilize the plant oils inside to form essential oils. Essential oils are available in more than 90 types. Each one with a unique scent, chemical compounds, and health benefits.

We’ve listed below ten of the most well-known essential oils and the health benefits that they’re known to offer.

Lavender oil: Relieves stress.
Lemon oil: Improves moods, headaches, digestion, and more.
Peppermint oil: Helps in digestion and provides a boost of energy.
Tea Tree Oil: Stimulates immunity and fights infections.
Rose oil: Boosts mood and relieves anxiety.
Sandalwood oil: Aids in calming nerves and helps with concentration.
Jasmine oil: Effectively helps with depression, childbirth, and libido.
Bergamot oil: Eases stress and aids to cure skin conditions like eczema.
Chamomile Oil: Helps to improve mood and calm down.
Ylang-Ylang Oil: Treats headaches, nausea, and various skin conditions.

Herbal Medicine Tincture with Flowers — Herbal Medicine Tincture with red lilies in the background”

Use

It should be noted that essential oils are for external use (unless otherwise noted). Not for digestion. They are used in many different products, and the beauty industry utilizes them to create perfumes, scent creams, and body washes. Additionally, these liquids are used as a source of natural antioxidants in beauty care products.

It can also be used as an air freshener for the home, to scent the laundry, or as a natural mosquito repellent.

Aromatherapy

One of the popular methods of using essential oils is through aromatherapy. This practice has been used for centuries for therapeutic benefits, which involves inhaling the oils through different methods. The essential oils diffused into the air are inhaled, and the scent molecules travel from the olfactory nerves to the brain.

The fragrance of the essential oils stimulates certain parts of the limbic system, the part of the brain that is responsible for controlling emotions, behavior, survival instincts, sense of smell, and memory. The limbic system also regulates various unconscious physiological functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. For this reason, people believe that these oils can affect our bodies physically.

The oils can also be combined with carrier oils, and be used by massaging them on to the skin. The chemicals in the oils are absorbed by the skin. The active compounds in the oils help to relax the muscles when a mixture of oils is rubbed on the skin, or when the oil is added to bath salts to give a stress-relieving soak.

Relaxed young beautiful woman laying on massage table

However, it’s advised that these oils should not be applied directly onto the skin unless directed by a healthcare professional. Essential oils without dilution are highly concentrated and can irritate sensitive body cells.

Although these oils are not supposed to be swallowed, at times people do consume oral capsules with essential oils inside. But it is only wise to do so when recommended by a medical practitioner. Besides that, the oils shouldn’t be applied in areas such as the mouth, ear, eye, anus, or vagina, from where it can enter the body.

Benefits

Essential oils are widely used as people believe that they can naturally cure different problems and have favorable effects on the body. The active compounds in the oils can be effective for particular reasons.

However, there’s little research that supports that essential oils can help in treating health conditions. We’ve listed a few of the particular health problems that essential oils can be used to treat.

Stress and Anxiety: People, who deal with stress or anxiety, tend to use alternative therapy methods for relief. The fragrance of the essential oils during aromatherapy can help to treat stress and anxiety. Using these oils during massaging may also effectively relieve stress.
Headaches and Migraines: Combinations of essential oils particularly, chamomile and sesame oil mixture, peppermint and lavender oils, or peppermint oil and ethanol combination, when applied on the forehead and temples can help cure headaches and ease migraine pain.
Sleep and Insomnia: Studies have found the smell of essential oils can help induce sleep. Lavender oil, in particular, helps women after childbirth, heart patients, and insomniacs sleep better.
Reduced Inflammation: It is believed that these oils may have anti-inflammatory effects. Mixtures of thyme and oregano oils and rosemary and caraway oils can aid in soothing abdominal pain.
Antibiotic and Antimicrobial: Few essential oils like peppermint oil and tea tree oil might have antimicrobial effects.

Safety

As essential oils are made using plants, they also contain bioactive compounds that can be harmful to your health. Even though they are natural, in order for them to be safe for use, they need to be combined with a base oil when applied on the skin or inhaled. Additionally, you must be careful about the others in the environment, particularly children, pregnant women, and pets who might also inhale the oils.

The side effects that these oils may have on the human body include headaches, asthma attacks, rashes, or allergies. Some of the oils that are known to have side effects are tea tree, ylang-ylang, peppermint, and lavender.

Cinnamon oil and other oils that have high concentrations of phenols result in skin irritation and should only be used on the skin when mixed with a base oil. On the other hand, the skin’s reaction to sunlight and burns might get worse with the use of essential oils made from citrus fruits.

Swallowing essential oils is extremely dangerous and it might also result in death. Young children, pregnant women, and new mothers are advised to avoid using essential oils.

Ten Facts to Know About Arthritis

Arthritis is one of the most common medical conditions of the bones and joints. With that said, this disease is greatly underrated and highly misunderstood. Over 50 million adults and 300,000 children currently suffer from arthritis. Women and seniors are most affected by it, feeling frequent joint pain and swelling. Although it is not related to gender, race, or age group, the condition can worsen as we get older.

The pain and stiffness can hamper the motor skills and the ability to move. The symptoms can be temporary or permanent, mild, or severe. A patient can experience difficulty in carrying out daily tasks like climbing stairs or walking. Since the bones affected by arthritis deteriorate with time, it is important to understand what is happening and that there are ways to limit acquiring this bone disease. Let’s take a look at what arthritis is all about first.

There are more than 100 types of Arthritis Conditions

Arthritis is a term used to represent numerous bone and joint conditions. The types are categorized as degenerative, inflammatory, infectious, and metabolic arthritis. The two most common are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis targets the hard, lubricated tissue lining the joints, called cartilage, whereas rheumatoid arthritis triggers the immune system, which works against the joints.

Rheumatologists are Arthritis Specialists

When dealing with specialized conditions, referring to the professionals trained in that area is essential. To provide adequate care for arthritis, rheumatologists should be referred to. They’ll be able to diagnose the type of arthritis and plan a treatment plan accordingly.

Arthritis Patients Face Difficulties in Daily Tasks

Person bending with knee injury Moderate to severe arthritis can cause physical limitations and even a person’s daily chores can become painful. Bone and joint pain make bending, walking, and climbing difficult. People may also need assistance in cooking, cleaning, bathing, and other home chores.

Arthritis is Incurable

This might be the worst thing about arthritis. There is no known treatment or medication that can be used to cure it completely. However, your doctor will be able to prescribe antibiotics for Lyme’s arthritis or medication to reduce pain, swelling, and other symptoms. These medicines can be effective in slowing down the disease and controlling the associated conditions, but there’s no way currently available to cure the disease completely.

Early Diagnosis Can Definitely Help

Like all other diseases, diagnosing arthritis in its initial stages can help treat the disease. If the symptoms worsen with time, there’s not much that can be done. The ideal treatment plan would entail an early diagnosis and medication to regress the progression of the disease.

Arthritis Can be Controlled by Adopting Healthy Habits

A healthy lifestyle can make a huge difference for arthritis patients if they adopt habits like regular exercising, healthy eating, managing stress, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting sufficient sleep. It is important to quit smoking and drinking as these habits can worsen the illness.

A Lot of Information about Arthritis Is Misleading

You’ll be surprised to know that several things associated with arthritis are based on myths, misconceptions, and rumors. The belief that this disease is age-specific and will affect only old people is incorrect. Age is not a cause of arthritis. Similarly, climate and diet have nothing to do with it either. Even though the thought of curing the disease is a good one, it is still just a myth. Lack of compassion also gives birth to some myths. Arthritis pain is not “just pain”, it can get quite severe and can interfere with the daily life anyone who acquires it.

Each Person Will Have a Different Reaction to Treatment

Senior Citizen showing hands hurt from arthritis

The treatment of arthritis will differ from patient to patient. The doctor will adopt a trial and error method and prescribe different medications including NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), DMARDs (disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs), analgesics (pain medications), biologics, or corticosteroids. The treatment plan will be refined based on the patient’s reaction until the most optimum combination of medicines is found.

The Treatment Can Be Expensive

Arthritis is the number one cause of disability in America, and its treatment can be pretty expensive, according to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). The national arthritis-attributable medical expenditures were estimated to reach annual medical expenditures can be as high as $140 billion in 2013. The disease can leave the patients impaired and this may lso costs them wage losses along with medical costs, which can almost double this amount. In 2013, this was estimated to be $303.5 billion or 1% of the 2013 US Gross Domestic Product.

Arthritis Can Be Emotionally Exhausting

A person can suffer from depression due to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. While there are numerous physical limitations of the disease, the emotional trauma goes beyond that. There lies a huge responsibility on the family and friends of the patients. At its worst, anger, resentment, and fear can lead to self-destructive practices and may even take away the will to live. People suffering from arthritis should be treated with love and support.

Arthritis and associated conditions can affect a patient’s life and society in general. We hope that this brief article can help you gain some introductory knowledge about this disease. Living a life with pain and discomfort is no fun, but knowing about the disease can help in early diagnosis and effective treatment. Talk to your doctor and find out what he/she recommends!

Surround Yourself with Nature to Lead a Healthy Life

Looking up through trees with the sun shining through

Photo by Pakhnyushchyy – yayimages.com

Life without nature is pretty dull. Do you remember those days when you would stay inside for so long that you thought that the walls would consume you? If this or similar feelings are something that you commonly go through, then it is time to get out of your house. Feel the fresh breeze rush past your face, walk on grass barefoot, and feel the grass beneath your feet.

There is a unique calmness about this experience. Spending time outdoors with nature also has essential health benefits, which work as a shield and protect you.

Unfortunately, our lifestyle in today’s world tends to keep us inside more than outside. From your offices to your comfortable homes equipped with the comforts of 21st-century technology, much of our everyday activities involve spending more time indoors.

Well, because of this, you are missing out on a lot. Outdoor exposure is essential for human health. It is valid for both the physical and psychological aspects of your body.

Florence Williams states in her book, “The Nature Fix: Why Nature Makes Us Happier, Healthier, and More Creative” that there was an improvement in the health of people who moved from crowded places to mountainous areas.

Not everyone can move to such areas. This is why you need to address this issue smartly by making time to surround yourself with nature, especially if you are in a busy city.

Being around nature is easy if you want to do it. You could go for a hike on your favorite trail or swimming in the sea twice in a month. Other than that, you could walk in your local park every day for thirty minutes. You can build a garden where you live. You can plant trees, so the air you breathe is clean.

Here are a few ways that being around the environment benefits your health.

Improves Your Memory

Photo of a waterfall with trees along side Do you forget small things and blame your memory? If yes, then start walking today because it directly impacts your short-term memory.

The brain consists of a part called the hippocampus, which is responsible for your memory. As you age, this part of your mind begins to shrink. You can prevent this by walking. Several studies have proven that walking does has a positive influence on your memory.

Consequently, it reduces the risk of dementia, which is one of the most common consequences of old age. To avoid this, make walking part of your schedule. Make it a part of your daily routine and make sure you do it in the open air.

De-Stressing

Man in woods looking out at the mountains The reason why you feel light after spending time outdoors is that it changes and releases your stress. This is why many therapists suggest their clients go for forest therapy. When you surround yourself with nature, then you successfully reduce cortisol, a hormone that your body produces when it is feeling stressed.

It is one of the reasons why offices now have huge windows. Even looking at nature refreshes your mind.

Reduces Inflammation

Inflammation can lead to severe issues like autoimmune disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, depression, and cancer. When you spend time in nature, then you keep all these problems in check. Since nature keeps you calm, your encounters with inflammation can decrease.

Alleviates Lethargy

The amount of work that each one of us has to do is insane. You are likely to feel tired or go through mental fatigue. This is why you go on a vacation to places that have scenic beauty and are filled with nature. Nature is an instant mental boost!

Helpful with Anxiety and Depression

Nature does not solve all your mental conditions, but it appeases your anxiety and depression. If you went through any of these two conditions and consulted a professional, then you must have heard a lot about the importance of nature. Adopt habits like meditation and yoga in open spaces like beaches and parks. You will feel the difference!

Improves Vision

Children these days spend most of their time watching television or laying on their tablets or smartphones. It is no surprise that some children start to have weaker eyesight at such an early age. It is recommended to encourage your children to engage in outdoor activities that connect them to nature and get them of those phones!

This is true for adults as well. When you spend time outside, you restore your eyesight and may reduce the chances of myopia.

Better Focus

You are easily distracted by almost everything. Your attention span keeps on shrinking. It is a valid concern, but the solution is so easy that you can change this right away.

Test it out for yourself. Spend thirty or more minutes in the park and perform your daily tasks after that. You will notice that you are now more capable of doing your responsibilities. Your mind is far more relaxed, so it does not wander here and there.

If you develop this as a habit, your attention span will increase over time.

Live Longer

According to a Dutch study of 250,782 people, there is an active link between green spaces and health. People who live close to green spaces had fewer diseases than those who did not.

A study published in Environmental Health Perspectives stated that more exposure to greenness was associated with a 12% lower mortality rate. There was a reduced risk of death from cancer, lung disease, and kidney disease.

All these factors add up and reduce your risk of early death. You will live a long life if you make nature your friend.

By understanding the benefits nature has to offer you, you should reflect on your current lifestyle. Indulge in better habits like spending more time in the environment. Through this, you will develop a positive outlook on life and improve your health. Nature has a significant impact on your overall health; therefore, do not ignore its importance because as you age, you will regret it. Build your routine in a way that you get to spend some time outdoors and enjoy mother nature!