Unhealthy Gums: The Precursor to Many Other Diseases

A focused teeth model with a blurred background — Photo by PENCHAN – yayimages.com

Many people don’t consider oral health issues worthy of medical treatment. This is the reason why they tend to persist with plaque — the hardened layer of bacteria on the teeth. The untreated plaque buildup leads to swollen and bloody gums, the condition which is medically known as gingivitis. If it’s left untreated, Gingivitis eventually aggravates into periodontitis. This is an acute periodontal condition where the entire supporting structure of the oral cavity gets infected.

The continuous medical research shows that periodontal diseases are not just detrimental to the oral cavity. The unhealthy gums go on to cause many other medical complications as well. According to the statistics furnished by the CDC, nearly half of the US adult population is suffering from some sort of periodontal disease, attributing to other diseases as well. In this article, we are going to discuss some unforeseen connections between gum problems and various other medical issues.

Gum Diseases and Cardiovascular Complications

It’s not entirely necessary that people with heart issues also have any periodontal disease. Nor is it a convention that people with unhealthy gums eventually develop some cardiovascular problem. Nevertheless, there is some correlation between the two.

Smokers and people who frequently consume alcohol are two groups that can simultaneously develop gum and heart issues due to the side effects of their respective habits. Apart from these, there are some cases where unhealthy gums can become the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease.

Gingivitis is the disease that entails the inflammation of gums caused by bacteria found in the plaque. These bacteria can enter the bloodstream through the swollen gums to infest the arteries and the organs. In other words, the inflammation of gums can lead to the inflammation of different parts of the cardiovascular system which can lead to the eventual development of a more serious condition.

According to one research report, P. gingivalis is the most common found bacterium in the coronary arteries. This bacteria species actually instigates the periodontitis in the oral cavity that weakens the fleshy supporting structure of teeth. This bacterium can also deteriorate the artery walls to make hypertension a more serious problem for affected people.

Gum Diseases and Alzheimer’s

The connection between oral health issues and neurological problems also looks implausible. However, a growing body of research suggests that there is some definite connection between gum disease and the onset of Alzheimer’s Disease. There are two major findings that establish a connection between oral health issues and this most common cause of dementia.

One study conducted on the people suffering from Alzheimer’s shows that P. gingivalis is most likely to be present in their brains. Recent research has established a finer link between the two. Scientists have found out that the inflammation caused by P. gingivalis actually catalyzes the production of beta-amyloid—the protein that aggregates in the brain in the form of a plaque to cause Alzheimer’s.

This study has also changed the perception regarding the development of Alzheimer’s. For instance, for long, it was believed that Alzheimer’s is the function of age i.e. it eventually develops as one grows old. However, this study has indicated that the onset of Alzheimer’s in some cases takes place in response to the presence of a pathogen. In other words, people who take good care of their oral health might not experience the symptoms of Alzheimer’s in the later stages of life.

Gum Diseases and Cancer

There is no established connection between the two. People suffering from gum diseases generally don’t go on to develop a malignant tumor. However, several studies have unearthed the connection between teeth loss and the prevalence of cancerous tumor. But these studies have failed to establish any physiological connection between these two conditions.

There is a research paper that has somewhat tried to explain the correlation between gum diseases and tumors. Treponema denticola is bacteria found on swollen gums and other diseased parts of the oral cavity. According to the paper, the same bacteria are also found in some gastrointestinal tumors. The study, however, doesn’t discuss the role of this bacterium in the development of the tumor.

More research is needed to be conducted in order to understand the correlation between gum diseases and cancerous tumors.

Gum Diseases and Respiratory Issues

The development of respiratory issues is the least surprising among all the detrimental effects of gum diseases. It makes sense that unhealthy gums can also cause respiratory issues since both the oral cavity and lungs have the same access point i.e. the mouth. A research paper published just last month indicates that people with chronic gum issues are more likely to experience deteriorated respiratory functions.

The more direct connection between oral diseases and respiratory health is of course inflammation. The inflammation spreading out from the oral cavity can swell the bronchial tubes. This can result in the contraction of their diameters and the subsequent restriction of air flow. Besides cell-to-cell inflammation spread, the inhalation of bacteria-laden air from the oral cavity into the lungs can also cause infections and direct inflammation.

Scientists have also talked about the possibility that periodontal diseases can also lead to the onset of lung cancer. They theorize that enzymes produced due to bacterial action in the oral cavity can eventually end up in the lungs where they can promote the growth of pathogens. The presence of pathogens among respiratory tissues can change cell behavior into malignant nature.

How to Maintain a Healthy Mouth

Woman brushing her teeth — *Preventing gum disease starts with good dental health*

It is clear that periodontal diseases can have far-reaching implications. By establishing good dental hygiene and dietary management, you can significantly decrease the likelihood of gum disease and subsequent serious issues discussed above.

Here are some of the most important ways to keep your gums happy:

- Using a powered brush is better than using a standard brush.

- Floss daily and don’t forget to brush your teeth before going to bed.A
- Always do post-meal gargles, particularly after consuming extra sugary and starchy substances

It is also important to go for a dental checkup even when you are not suffering from any apparent periodontal issue. A good dental cleaning is better than anything you can do on your own and is highly recommended. In addition, the dentist will be able to find any detrimental factors in your mouth that need attention.

Climate Change and Its Impact on Our Health

Illustration of the effects of climate change, showing grass and then barren ground — Photo: iStock

Climate Change – An Overview

The phenomenon of climate change has existed since the beginning of time. However, the way it has evolved since the late 19th century is really
alarming.

On the one hand, the industrial revolution has truly transformed how we live today, but on the other hand, it has affected our climate. The exponential rise in greenhouse emissions was caused by rapid industrialization, which is the main culprit behind climate change, also termed global warming.

The progression of technology has helped us to better discern the evidence of this environmental effect. We are now able to see a clearer and bigger picture of the consequences of climate change, all thanks to Earth-orbiting satellites and many other similar technological developments. This is posing a real threat to the existence of life on planet earth and it is substantiated by a compelling body of evidence.

Global Temperature Rise: The average temperature of the planet has risen about 1 degree Celsius in the last 100 years or so. Scientists have inferred that most of the warming has predominantly occurred in the last four decades. The rise of a single degree Celsius might not sound bad when we consider it as a localized temperature change. But globally, this temperature rise has already instigated many problems.

For instance, the ice covers in Antarctica, Northern Hemisphere, and Greenland are now shrinking at exceptional rates. In the last decade only, the rate of ice mass loss in Antarctica has increased threefold. On the other hand, glacier territories everywhere in the world are quickly receding. Whether it’s the Himalayas, Alps, Alaska or Andes, glaciers are melting at rapid rates.

All this snow melting has exacerbated flooding events. Moreover, the sea level has increased by 8% in the last hundred years due to that. The continuously increasing sea levels are posing a direct danger to many coastal parts of the world. It is estimated that if global warming continues at the same pace, then the entire country (Islands of Maldives) will be completely submerged in the water in the next 30 to 50 years. Climate change has also disturbed the acidity levels of oceans which has put marine life in great jeopardy.

Climate Change and Our Health

Apart from affecting us indirectly, climate change, if not abated, will soon start to impact us directly by inflicting different health problems. Scientists believe that the fallout of climate change has already started affecting our health in multiple ways. Let’s have a look at the impending health threats posed by climate change.

Cardiovascular Health

Heat waves have already become an element of peak summers in many parts of the world. Moreover, its effect is compounded by increasing environmental pollution. For instance, Ozone is a toxin that protects our ecosphere from harmful UV component of sun rays. This toxin has now permeated into breathing air in the form of smog.

A new research study has substantiated concerns regarding the lethal combination of pollution and high temperatures. The research suggests this rising temperature in the resultant ozone effect might be acting in tandem to worsen cardiovascular health in the US. The study has concluded that the heart rate of US citizens variably drops during those high-temperature summer months.

The decreased heart-rate might not have immediate implications, but it increases the chances of a heart attack. Scientists haven’t found a direct link between rising temperatures and heart-rates; however, the ozone and high temperature likely affect the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for heart-rate regulation.

Allergies are on the Rise

It has also been noted that allergies are on the rise in every part of the world. Experts believe that rising carbon dioxide levels in the environment combined with warming temperatures are the main reason behind the prevalence of allergies.

The increased instances of allergies are also linked to the detrimental effects of climate change on botanical growths. Multiple studies point out that plants are flowering earlier than normal. Moreover, the total pollen production has increased in the last couple of decades. These distorted patterns have subsequently aggravated human allergy symptoms.

Vector-Borne Disease Spread

The propagation of different vector-borne diseases is facilitated by climate change. Increased temperatures and rising rainfall rates have created an ideal landscape for many vector-borne diseases to proliferate all across the globe. It is a scientifically proven fact that many insects responsible for spreading vector-borne diseases nourish better in hotter temperatures and damp environments.

Food Safety

Food safety is directly threatened by climate change. Warm air temperatures promote the growth of food-related bacteria. This means the instances of food poisoning will only increase over time. Additionally, the high traces of carbon dioxide can have adverse effects on the levels of macro and micronutrients in staple crops of rice, wheat, and potatoes. Lastly, the acute droughts derived by global warming will make the availability of food a big challenge in different parts of the world.

Global warming has increased sea surface temperatures. It is believed that warmer sea surfaces eventually culminate into increased mercury levels in marine life. In other words, if the recent climate change continues, then very soon we will no longer be able to devour on favorite seafood. A fish naturally contaminated with a high mercury level is not edible.

Climate Change also Affects Mental Health

Rising temperatures also worsen the condition of individuals who are already suffering from mental illness. A study has found that having a pre-existing mental ailment increases the risk of death during heat waves by three times. People on medications with disturbed temperature regulations are more at risk of fatal results of heat waves.

It is blatantly clear that climate change is affecting our existence on this planet from many aspects. It is high time that we change our lifestyles in individual and collective capacities to minimize greenhouse emissions. Increasing our dependence on renewable energy and recycled material can bear fruits through the means of reducing the effects of destructive human activity on the climate.

I Have No Sleep Illnesses So Why Do I Feel Tired During the Day?

Student sleeping in computer lab — Photo: Graphic Stock

In our previous article, we discussed sleep deprivation and its associated symptoms. Now, let’s look at why you feel sleepy during the day if you don’t have sleep deprivation illnesses.

Other circumstances must be evaluated if this happens regularly and does not appear to be due to sleep-deprived illnesses or external situations (e.g., athletic workout, long day at the office, stress, etc.).

How is Your Heart?

Human heart, 3d rendering, medically accurate illustration of the human heart anatomy
with venous system — iStock

Several heart conditions can lead to fatigue and affect energy levels. If your heart weakens, it will try harder to pump the blood. This reduces oxygen to your organs, leaving you tired even after minimal activity.

If your fatigue is related to your heart, here are some of the common ailments that you may have:

- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Blocked or narrowed arteries restrict blood flow to the heart, hampering this organ’s ability to function normally. This can lead to chest pain (angina) and fatigue, especially during physical exertion.
- Arrhythmias refer to Irregular rhythms in the heart that can disrupt the normal flow of blood, depriving the body of necessary oxygen and nutrients and subsequently causing fatigue and possibly dizziness.
- Congestive Heart Failure: Has your doctor ever looked at your ankles during your visit for a check-up? The reason is that he/she is checking to see if they are not swollen, which could be a sign of a heart defect. Congestive heart failure refers to the build-up of fluid in your lungs and lower limbs if your heart is not pumping blood properly, which can lead to shortness of breath and swollen legs. Consequently, this additional strain on your body can exacerbate fatigue.
- Valvular Heart Disease is different from clogged arteries. It refers to leaky heart valves that can cause blood to flow back into the heart chambers, increasing pressure and leading to fluid build-up and tiredness.

Graph of a heart rate — Heart Rate Vector Design Element. Bigstock

In general, the severity of your fatigue, if it is related to your heart, can vary depending on your specific heart condition and how long the condition has progressed. Some people may experience general tiredness during the day, while others may feel sluggish after minimal activity. The condition can also worsen with exertion, emotional stress, or certain medications.

If you suspect your fatigue is related to a heart condition, it’s crucial to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and proper management can significantly improve your health and energy levels.

Additionally, lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and stress management can help to combat fatigue and improve your overall well-being.

It is important to emphasize that persistent fatigue should not be ignored, especially if accompanied by other symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, or swelling.

Summary: There are constant advances in the study of heart health, but the bottom line is you should always consult a doctor who can help determine the cause and guide you toward appropriate treatment to boost your energy and address any underlying heart concerns.

Excessive Salt Intake and Disrupted Acid-Base Balance

Salt on a set of spoons — Sea salt. Bigstock

Your heart health is related to the food you eat, and salt can be a major culprit. Excessive salt use is often associated with the development of cardiovascular conditions.

Salt can also disrupt the acid-base equilibrium in the body, which scientists consider one of the reasons behind one’s sluggish disposition.

Processed and junk foods are inherently rich in salt because it enhances and preserves the taste. Most people today rely on these bad food choices to replenish their calorie count. Therefore, it has become common not to feel fresh even after sleeping enough hours.

Cut junk food from your diet and try to decrease the amount of salt in your home-cooked dishes. Cutting down the excessive salt in your diet is a gradual process, but once you succeed, you will feel more energetic and productive throughout the day.

Selenium Deficiency

Selenium is one of the micronutrients a human body needs in trace amounts. A person not eating a balanced diet might face a selenium deficiency. The trace amounts of selenium in the body are part of various physiological functions. An adequate amount of selenium is responsible for the normal functioning of the thyroid. Selenium is also vital for brain and immune functions.

Scientists have found that a selenium deficiency has a direct link with the feeling of exhaustion and cognitive confusion. A person not taking the recommended amount of selenium through their daily diet can develop this problem of feeling sleepy all the time. Seafood, nuts, beans, and eggs are rich in selenium. So ensure they remain part of your regular diet to prevent selenium deficiency. Selenium supplements are also available on the market, but we recommend you fulfill your selenium requirements from natural sources.

Zinc Deficiency and Slower Metabolism

Zinc is another trace mineral with a more critical physiological role than selenium. It acts as a catalyst in various metabolic reactions so that zinc deficiency can slow down the normal progression of metabolic reactions. A slow metabolic regimen is not just bad for weight management; it also lowers the energy levels of the affected person, resulting in tiredness. The World Health Organization says over one billion people worldwide suffer from zinc deficiency.

Any person with acute zinc deficiency can experience the condition discussed in this article. Meat, dairy products, and legumes are good sources of the recommended zinc intake. However, please don’t go overboard with meat because it can lead to other problems. Similarly, make sure you use dairy products with minimal fat content.

Weight Gain

Sandwich with measuring tape around it — Pixabay

Gaining four pounds might not sound like a big deal. However, scientists have found that gaining this kind of weight can instigate a feeling of undefined exhaustion. If you can’t get rid of the atmosphere of tiredness after completing the recommended sleep amount, check your weight.

Excessive Sugar and Slowed Down Metabolism

It is primarily believed that sugar intake restores our energy levels. That’s true. However, excessive sugar intake is counterproductive for the body. The surplus sugar stored in the body converts into acid, which lowers the metabolic rate. In normal circumstances, vitamin B1 neutralizes this sugar-driven acid. However, in the case of excessive intake, vitamin B1 can’t neutralize all of it. As a result, the person starts feeling low and drowsy.

Excessive Sugar Can also Affect the Quality of Sleep

Spoon spilling sugar onto a cup — Photo by Mathilde Langevin on Unsplash

Some recent studies have suggested that excessive sugar in the bloodstream also increases the back-and-forth between REM and deep sleep stages. A sleeping duration with so many underlying disruptions doesn’t ensure quality sleep. Thus, the affected person can feel the lingering feeling of exhaustion even after sleeping for enough hours.

Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency

Protein is one of three essential macronutrients our body needs to perform its regular functions. People eating fewer proteins can eventually face their acute deficiency. In such cases, the homeostatic mechanism directs the body to fulfill its protein needs from muscles (muscle fibers are primarily made of proteins).

This protein redistribution within the body also uses metabolic amino acids. The depletion of amino acids in the metabolic subsystem can slow down its rate and give rise to the feeling of undefined tiredness.

A Cluttered Space and Overworked Brain

Not every undefined instance of tiredness is the function of physiological processes. Researchers at Princeton University have studied that the human brain is wired to sort everything in a particular order in the subconscious. When the brain perceives visual signals from cluttered and untidy spaces, it takes more time to categorize all the information.

As a result, the brain starts feeling tired even when it has not engaged in any cognitive activity. This unproductive brain activity is also why many feel tired regardless of how much sleep they get.

Regular exercise can also help us combat the feeling of lethargy. Even 20 minutes of daily exercise can have an energizing effect on the body. Scientists also believe that listening to too much music can create physiological and psychological conditions similar to stress, leading to sleepiness and exhaustion for no apparent reason. A healthy diet that takes care of every macro and micronutrient need of the body can help eliminate the undefined feeling of exhaustion.

Conclusion

There could be many reasons why you feel tired. The first thing to do is to see your doctor and have him/her run a thorough workup to see where the problem exists. Standard blood tests can help determine why you are tired. If it is not an illness, the blood tests can determine if you lack nutrients or other factors, such as insufficient sleep habits. There can be many remedies to help you feel more alive and active again, so why wait? Do some homework and get lively again!

Medical Advancements of 2018

Robot touching computer screen — 3D rendering 3D illustration medical artificial intelligence robot working in a future hospital.

There is an expression termed Moore’s Law that states that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit doubles about every two years. What this means in layman’s terms is that the processing power of computers increases 100% every two years; hence, modern science has become the benefactor of this continuous increase of power. And medical technology is no stranger to this occurrence.

For as long as the human race has existed, we have been fortunate enough to have people who dedicate their lives to the well-being of others and when you combine these heroes of science with the ongoing medical breakthroughs, we have seen remarkable advancements in medicine in 2018.

As 2018 has come to an end, we think it is fitting that we spread the news of the notable advancements this year has brought us.

An Incredible Breakthrough with Cancer Vaccine

Illustration of Distance Perception — Bigstock

In February 2018, the researchers at Stanford University announced that they’ll begin testing their new cancer vaccine. The medical team led by Dr. Ronald Levy came up with a novel cancer therapy that managed to work its wonders on mice. When injected with it, all traces of cancerous tumors in mice were eliminated.

Like Dr. Levy said, “Our approach uses a one-time application of very small amounts of two agents to stimulate the immune cells only within the tumor itself.”

The vaccine includes immune-stimulating agents that are strong enough to kill cancerous cells in mice. This test result was extremely positive, and it was time to test it on humans.

15 Lymphoma patients are currently being treated with this vaccine. If this incredible shot works, it could be the end of Lymphoma cancer as we know it.

A Strategy to Lower LDL Cholesterol

For decades, medical researchers have been fighting tooth and nail to lower LDL cholesterol levels and save people from the number one killer of Americans – heart disease.

They came up with statins that were effective, but not effective enough. However, in 2015, the researchers were able to come up with PCSK9 inhibitors. These new drugs were able to attack the nasty LDL particles in the extracellular fluid.

When medical practitioners came up with the strategy to pair statins with PCSK9 inhibitors, it showed mind-blowing results. It saw a decrease in LDL levels by 75%. To control the LDL levels, the drug was also made more accessible to the common masses.

In 2018, trials and tests began to find out the ideal LDL level to prevent heart disease. With that figured out, and with a way to reach that level, treatment for heart disease doesn’t seem too far off in the horizon.

Discovery of Scalp Cooling to reduce Hair Fall after Chemotherapy

It takes an incredible amount of courage and strength to fight a disease like cancer. Anything that could be done to help the patients fight it with even more is always encouraged.

One of the nastiest side effects of chemotherapy is extreme hair loss in patients. In 2018, researchers discovered that reducing the temperature of the scalp right before, during, and after chemotherapy is an incredibly effective method to preserve hair in patients.

Gene Therapy for Retinal Disease

Another groundbreaking advancement in medicine this year was the approval of gene therapy by the FDA in 2018 –more specifically, gene therapy for inherited retinal disease.

This therapy delivers new genes in the targeted cells of the body and treats inherited blindness. In March 2018, a 13-year-old boy was the first patient to receive this treatment for his inherited blindness called Luxturna. The update on the patient, Jack Hogan, is that he has better vision in low light, he can play basketball outside in the evening with his friends, he can go to the movies, and he can even read 40 percent in smaller print.

This is just one patient who saw a drastic change in his life because of this medical advancement in 2018. We can safely say that there will be many more in the years to come.

New Vaccines for a Large Population

2018 has seen rapid development in the production of new and improved vaccines. These vaccines with innovative mechanisms have made it possible to deliver them to a vast population.

The medical modernizers are working on edible, oral, and mucosally delivered vaccines. They are also coming up with vaccine chips and intranasal vaccines.

All these innovations are making it easier and possible for the vaccines to be stored, shipped, and delivered to patients regardless of the complexity of the situation.

Artificial Ovaries

After chemotherapy, many women are at risk of becoming infertile. For that reason, they remove their ovaries— partially or completely— before the treatment.

After the treatment, they get it transplanted back. However, the returned ovary often carries traces of cancerous cells in it, putting the patient at the risk of contracting the disease again.

The latest research in 2018 has seen progress with artificial ovaries. The Danish scientists, with the help of technology, have come up with a way to grow ovarian follicles on an engineered portion of the tissue. This tissue only contains proteins and collages and all the cancer cells are removed.

The mice have already accepted these artificial ovaries successfully and humans will be tested as well in the next few years.

Marijuana for Epilepsy

Discount Medical Marijuana cannabis shop, Denver, Colorado — Discount Medical Marijuana cannabis shop at 970 Lincoln Street, Denver, Colorado

Non-administered use of marijuana is still as dangerous as before. However, medical researchers were able to discover that it helped treat two rare forms of childhood epilepsy.

Groundbreaking news was the approval of Epidiolex by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This drug is derived from cannabis, but it does not contain the psychoactive component of marijuana that makes people use it for recreational purposes.

These are just some of the medical advancements of 2018. All these minor and major medical advancements give hope to patients and are one of the reasons why medical researchers around the world are always hard at work.

Understanding Human Papillomavirus

Photo

”Human papillomavirus disease written on sticky note paper

by Artur Szczybylo – yayimages.com

Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a broad category of diseases which comprise more than 200 related viruses. Papillomaviruses are small, double-stranded DNA viruses.

More than 40 of these can be easily transmitted through sexual interaction, from the skin or mucous membranes of other infected individuals. HPVs are also disseminated by vaginal, anal and oral sexual activity. In accordance with research conducted by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), HPV is the most frequent sexually transmitted disease that affects both genders. In fact, the prevalence is so high that between 80% to 90% of men and women who are sexually active will contract the infection at one point or another in their lifetime.

Moreover, nearly 79 million Americans are infected with HPV currently. In addition, about 14 million individuals are newly affected on an annual basis. These statistics underline the assessment made by CDC that HPV is insanely common. Other key points regarding human papillomavirus are that it can even result in genital warts and induce several types of cancers. It may also be spread during birth in some cases which then causes genital or respiratory system issues. Also, there is no discernible cure for HPV yet although effective vaccinations are recommended for adolescent children.

Causes

Human papillomavirus typically enters the body through a break or fissure in the skin.

Once it permeates the skin, the agent travels to the cells of the multiple layers of the skin, which are infected by the HPV. Once this is achieved, the virus is able to replicate and multiply inside the body.

Conventionally, the time taken between first contracting HPV and the emergence of lesions can be anywhere between months and even years in some cases. There is also a contingent of affected individuals who are completely unaware that they are suffering from HPV.

Like we mentioned before, HPV may be transmitted when a person comes in contact with another’s skin. This can incite issues such as skin warts i.e. plantar or common warts that may be acquired through a cut for instance. HPV can also cause warts of the genital variety, which can be quite contagious and are mostly contracted through sexual interaction with an infected person. Activities which may result in HPV may simply include kissing or making contact with private parts such as the scrotum, vagina, vulva or anus. Intercourse is obviously part of this as well.

Additionally, there are risk factors that pertain to HPV. For instance, age is one such determinant. Children and teenagers are generally at the greatest risk of contracting the disease. The number of sexual partners an individual has over a period of time is also an important variable. The higher the number, the greater the risk attached of developing genital HPV. Lastly, the immune system plays an important role as well. People who have an immune system that is compromised by factors like HIV/AIDS, organ transplant or simply consuming medication that affects it adversely, are at great risk also.

Symptoms

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has stated that warts associated with most HPV infections subside without any signs or symptoms whatsoever. However, the virus is still present in the infected person’s body. This is why there are cases where they may engage in a sexual encounter with another individual and pass on the HPV to that person unknowingly.

In cases where the virus does not automatically abate, it can create considerable health complications. Examples include genital and throat warts. The latter is also known as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. HPV is also identified as the reason for cervical cancer and other cancers found in the genitals, head and neck region.

Furthermore, the types of HPV that cause warts are different from those which create cancerous cells. Therefore, having genital warts borne by HPV does not mean that the person will also develop cancer. However, cancers which are incited by HPV may show no symptoms until the cancer has reached an advanced stage unfortunately. Regular screenings can help in the diagnosis of HPV related health issues.

This is precisely why regular consultations and checkups with doctors are imperative. In several cases, cervical cancer may be prevented by observing an abnormality in the characteristics of cells that if left untreated, can gradually develop into cancer.

A pap test may be undertaken since it can detect abnormal cells if they are located in the individual’s cervix. Although it does not directly a test for cancer or HPV, the test is able to discern an anomaly in cell alterations that are typically caused by HPV.

There isn’t a test for high risk HPV however, especially that which may affect the vulva, penis, anus or throat. Also, the HPV itself does not manifest any symptoms until and unless it has already developed into a cancer.

Treatment

As it stands, there is no medical treatment for constant HPV infections that are not linked to irregular cell changes. However, genital warts, benign respiratory tract tumors and precancerous changes inside the cervix can be treated. Adequate methods include cryosurgery, which is executed by freezing which obliterates the tissues.

Also, a loop electrosurgical excision procedure or LEEP, which is the removal of cervical tissue with the use of a hot wire loop is another measure. So is surgical conization, which is done with a scalpel, a laser or in some cases, both in order to remove a cone shaped piece of tissue from the cervical canal. Another measure is called vaporization conization and uses a laser to destroy the cervical tissue.

Additionally, treatments for other benign respiratory tract tumors include topical chemicals and surgeries such as excisional, cryo, electro and laser. Other treatments are being put through the rigors of clinical trials and tests. These include a randomized controlled trial that can determine whether treatment of anal precancerous lesions can reduce the risk of anal cancer in those people who are HIV positive.

A Look into Circumcision and Why it is Important

”newborn child" — Photo by – yayimages.com

You may have heard the terminology circumcised or circumcision at one point or another. Circumcision is basically the removal of the foreskin that envelopes the head of the flaccid penis. Males are born with a layer of skin, which is also referred to as prepuce, at the front of their genitalia i.e. the glans. The procedure whereby this film of extraneous skin is eliminated from their unerect penis is called circumcision.

Insight

The amount of skin attached to the anterior varies from one male to another. While one newborn may have a virtually nonexistent foreskin, another child may have enough that it protrudes from their glans. This is what causes the erection of certain males to display a loose foreskin that peeks from the head of their penis.

In uncircumcised males, the head of their manhood is a shade of pink. This becomes clear when the head of their genitalia emanates in the process of an erection. This inadvertently gives the penis a two-tone image.

With regards to newborns, their foreskin is attached to the area beneath their penis and gradually detaches in the first few years of their lives in the vast majority of cases. When the procedure is performed, the foreskin disconnects simply through a number of different surgical techniques.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

In most cases, if a disease or disorder develops in an individual, it is understood that they will seek treatment with the hope of improving their health. In this particular instance, circumcision is often a choice. In fact, religion is one of the foremost reasons for the performance of circumcisions.

The rules and regulations of both Islam (Khitan) and Judaism (Brit Milah) dictate that newborns must be circumcised. Another rationale for circumcisions includes personal decisions, aesthetic preference, and reduction of health risks.

Pros

Nevertheless, circumcision is a unique medical proposition based on the fact that we can discuss its benefits and drawbacks. First of all, there are several advantages to the operation. Infants who undergo the procedure are less likely to develop urinary tract infections (UTIs) for one. This is particularly true in the first few months post birth. UTI is a recurring disease in newborn males and those who remain uncircumcised are 10 times more likely to contract this affliction.

Furthermore, circumcision also diminishes the risk of penile cancer. Research has also indicated that those who are subjected to this procedure are less prone to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and Genital Herpes.

Concerns pertaining to the penis, such as agitation, swellings, and infections are also more common in uncircumcised males. Also, circumcised genitalia is considered more sanitary, since it is more effortless to keep it clean compared to uncircumcised ones.

Cons

On the other hand, there are a few risks attached to circumcision, a caveat that applies to all medical procedures. Fortunately, these disadvantages are fundamentally insignificant, although there are cases where complications may arise. For example, any circumcision-related predicaments in newborns are only found in between 0.2% to 2% of cases. Out of these, the most common are minor bleeding and infections. Thankfully, both concerns can be rectified with the adequate treatment.

Another issue with circumcision is that the procedure can prove painful for newborns. This is precisely why pain relief medication is administered to babies when they are circumcised. However, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggests that newborns who are circumcised should be given anesthesia, which has since become standard practice.

There are two main categories of local anesthetic that may be used on newborns to manage their discomfort. One is a topical ointment, which is applied to their penis and warrants around half an hour before it is entirely effective. The other is provided through an injection and needs less time to be active. Also, acetaminophen is administered by some pediatricians. It is known to have a longer lasting effect and may last hours after the circumcision has been performed.

Preparation and Performance

Jewish Circumcision — The New Testament relates how after his birth, Jesus was circumcised according to Jewish tradition (Luke 2: 21)

Now we will discuss the prerequisites and practice of circumcision. In major cases, the procedure is completed while the newborn is still admitted to the hospital. There are multiple practitioners who have the training to perform a circumcision, such as pediatricians and obstetricians.

It is mandatory for parents to sign a consent form before the operation. This is par for the course and is really a formality. In cases involving children and adults too, a circumcision is scheduled in a hospital or surgical center on an outpatient basis. This is defined as a situation where the patient is discharged on the same day.

We can delve into the actual procedure as well. It is performed by the usual suspects, such as pediatricians, who are doctors that deal exclusively with cases involving children. Other trained personnel that may do a circumcision include surgeons and urologists. Like we mentioned before, circumcisions that are done owing to religious reasons may be completed by those who are skilled in the matter, since the method may possibly differ based on the religion.

As far as newborns are concerned, they are placed tenderly on their backs and their arms and legs are kept at a distance from their genitals. The anesthetic is then administered via cream or injection so that it is numb.

Doctors performing the procedure may use one of several methods at their disposal. This is typically determined by the physician’s choice. The most popular techniques that are executed are called the Gomco clamp, Plastibell device, and the Mogen clamp.

All three of the aforementioned approaches involve slashing the circulation of blood to the foreskin so that there is no bleeding when the doctor slices the foreskin. The entire process of circumcision takes a total of 15 to 30 minutes maximum.

A Brief Overview of Pregnancy Complications

”pregnant woaman on a beach" — Photo by alenkasm – yayimages.com

Pregnancy and childbirth are a miracle of nature. A woman is able to bear a child for a specific duration before the child is born. It is nothing short of a biological marvel! Given the seriousness of the pregnancy, it becomes imperative for all concerned parties i.e. the woman especially, their doctor and midwife to proceed with caution and care.

Even so, there are innumerable instances where women experience difficulty when they are expecting. Despite exercising due diligence, pregnancy complications may introduce various intricacies to the equation. These obstacles can affect the mother’s health and the well-being of the fetus. Such issues can make childbirth a high-risk procedure and be a concern for those involved.

So what are the potential predicaments that pregnant women may encounter? Let’s take a look.

Miscarriage

As the name suggests, miscarriage is defined as the loss of pregnancy from natural causes in the first twenty weeks. 10 to 20% of identified pregnancies end in the unfortunate event of a miscarriage. Additionally, the vast majority of miscarriages occur in the first twelve weeks of a pregnancy i.e. the primary trimester. These are generally provoked by chromosomal anomalies in the fertilized egg, which disable the embryo from evolving sufficiently.

Furthermore, in terms of symptoms, the first indication of a miscarriage is that vaginal spotting or bleeding may appear. Regardless of the potential advent of a miscarriage, a pregnant female should consult a gynecologist at the first instance if there is bleeding. If the specialists suspect a miscarriage is underway, they may order an immediate ultrasound to gauge if the uterus is stable.

According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, a miscarriage is the most frequent cause of pregnancy loss. Research has shown that chemical pregnancies account for up to 75% of all miscarriages. This scenario transpires in the aftermath of implantation which gives rise to excessive bleeding when the woman experiences her period.

Causes of miscarriage include, but are not limited to hormonal problems and maternal health concerns. Also, a woman’s lifestyle and ill-conceived choices may be the reason for a miscarriage. For instance, if a woman who is expecting does not abandon her smoking habit, has a poor diet or does not kick drug use could lead to a miscarriage. Malnutrition and abundance of caffeine are other potential reasons. So are maternal age and maternal trauma.

Likewise, there is no definitive list of symptoms that a pregnant woman may exhibit. However, the most common red flags include different degrees of back pain, which may be considerably worse than menstrual cramping. Weight loss is another potential signal and so are regular contractions, which may occur every five minutes or so.

Preeclampsia

This is a condition that transpires exclusively when a woman is expecting and entails extraordinarily high blood pressure and protein in their urine or liver. Also, they may have kidney abnormalities in the second trimester.

Preeclampsia is a severe ailment that affects roughly 5% of all pregnant women. Typically, most females who are expecting a child develop moderate signs as their due date approaches. However, with adequate care and conservative measures, both the mother and her newborn child do not suffer any consequences.

If not diagnosed properly and left unchecked, preeclampsia can cause deterioration of the woman and baby’s health quickly. It may incite organ issue and potentially life-threatening scenarios as well. This may cause an early delivery or a caesarian section, a medical procedure where surgical equipment is used to deliver a child.

Moreover, females who are in line to become mothers for the first time are most susceptible to contracting preeclampsia. Those with a track record of suffering from preeclampsia or gestational hypertension may also be prone to the affliction.

In addition, pregnant women who are carrying more than one child or those who are aged 40 and above may also face complications. The same rules apply to females with high blood pressure and those who are obese also.

For the mother, the possible impact of preeclampsia includes liver or renal failure and probable cardiovascular concerns at some point in the future. The potential damage is far greater for the unborn child. They may suffer from diminished oxygen and nutrition. This transpires when preeclampsia restricts the placenta from obtaining ample blood. This may result in the child being born with significantly lower weight.

Gestational Diabetes

In the United States, between 2 and 10 percent of expectant mothers contract gestational diabetes. Although the numbers may sound promising, this disease must not be underestimated, given that its severity may increase. Pregnant women are frequently tested in a glucose screening to observe if they are not victims of gestational diabetes.

In cases where the screening has a negative result, pregnant women are monitored by professionals. With the proper care, a majority of women are able to maintain their blood sugar levels with the right diet and exercise (there is a specific exercise regimen that can be adhered to during pregnancy). This allows them to deliver a healthy child eventually.

Mothers who suffer from gestational diabetes are also at greater risk of developing Type 2 diabetes in the future as well. Warning signs of gestational diabetes are the presence of sugar in urine. Obviously, it is not apparent to the naked eye but a test at the doctor’s office can determine its presence. Excessive thirst, considerable exhaustion and the feeling of nausea are other symptoms of gestational diabetes.

Placenta Previa

Another case of pregnancy-related issues is called placenta previa. The placenta lies lower than usual in the uterus which is how it covers part of the cervix. The placenta severs from the uterine wall while the cervix starts to dilate during labor.

Symptoms of placenta previa vary on a case by case basis but the most frequent signal is pain-free bleeding during the third trimester of pregnancy. Additionally, premature contractions, the child’s irregular position in the womb are also signs of placenta previa.

Common Sexually Transmitted Diseases

”Man with STD sign" — Photo by michaklootwijk – yayimages.com

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), which are also known as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Venereal Diseases (VD), are part of the same family of diseases or infections that develop from sexual contact between two individuals.

About Sexually Transmitted Diseases

The activity can vary from vaginal intercourse, oral and anal sexual interaction. In addition, there are some sexually transmitted infections that may spread by way of unsterilized or unsanitary injections commonly used by drug addicted individuals. STDs may also be carried from the mother to her newborn during the process of childbirth and breastfeeding can also result in the transmission as walla some blood transfusions.

Moreover, sexually transmitted diseases rank among the most infectious ailments known in the United States today. In fact, The Center for Disease Control estimates that a staggering 20 million new STD cases emerge on an annual basis in America. Half of these transpire in youngsters aged between 15 and 24. That number gives us a strong indication that suggested precautions are not taken and that those affected may not act with heed.

There are more statistics which delineate a damning indictment of sexually transmitted diseases in the country. According to the CDC, every other sexually active person is likely to contract some type of STD by the time they are 25 years old.

Unfortunately, these numbers are only scratching the surface of a predicament that has swept the nation. While young people represent nearly half of all sexually transmitted diseases, a concern for specialists and professionals is that recent surveys have shown that only 12% of individuals with STDs were actually tested. Essentially, that means that most individuals with such infections ignore medical attention. Logic would suggest that in some cases, their condition may worsen.

Last but not least, the health care industry in the United States is burdened considerably by the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases. The total cost of STDs in America each year is approximately a whopping 16 billion dollars!

Common Causes of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

What causes the infection depends on the disease. However, the most frequent reasons are generally the same. The most common determinants are viruses, bacteria, and parasites. For each of the aforementioned categories, there are several sexually transmitted diseases that occur due to the presence of these microorganisms.

Types of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Chlamydia

Chlamydia is one of the most common.. It is caused by a bacteria known as Chlamydia trachomatis, a bacteria that affects only humans and can affect both genders. While men contract chlamydia in their urethra, rectum or throat, women may get infected in their cervix, rectum, and throat.

Symptoms of chlamydia for men include a white and water like discharge from their genitals, which must not be confused with sperm. They may feel excruciating pain when they urinate and their testicles may have cause for concern since most men who are chlamydia patients tend to have discomfort there.
Women may experience a notable augmentation in the excretion from the vaginal cavity, which is caused by an inflamed womb i.e. cervix. Additionally, they may also feel a painful sensation when they urinate and the same applies when they participate in sexual intercourse. Other red flags include aches in their lower abdominal area, specifically during sex and excessive bleeding during their periods.

In 2015, The Center for Disease Control stated that chlamydia ranked among the most reported STDs in the country, along with gonorrhea and syphilis (which we will discuss below). There were nearly 1.5 million cases of chlamydia, which was the highest number ever recorded by health care agencies across the United States.

Gonorrhea

Another popular sexually transmitted disease is Gonorrhea. It is a disconcerting STI since it can lead to infertility in both men and women. Fortunately, there is adequate treatment and preventative measures for this affliction, although scientists have recently discovered that a new strain of the ailment has emerged which has proven resistant to all antibiotics utilized by doctors.

Gonorrhea is also borne by a bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which can infect the genital tract, mouth or anus. The disease can be contracted through vaginal, oral and anal sexual activity with a partner who is infected. Also, a pregnant woman may pass the condition onto their child during birth.

Youngsters accounted for 50% of all gonorrhea diagnosed in the United States in 2015. What is more disconcerting is the fact that a sharp increase in cases of gonorrhea has been observed in recent years. In the 2013-2015 period, cases increased on a year by year basis, leading up to almost four hundred thousand cases in 2015.

Syphilis

Another disease caused by bacteria, more specifically the Treponema pallidum, syphilis is spread by sexual contact with an infected person who has the syphilis lesion. When an individual comes into contact with open sores during sexual intercourse, the illness is disseminated from the affected person to their partner.

Syphilis affects the genital area, lips, and anus of both genders. The incubation period once the disease is transmitted lasts up to 90 days (3 months) with the average time being three weeks. That is when symptoms begin to manifest themselves. While some patients exhibit no signs of the ailment, others may have mild signals. Perhaps the most disconcerting cases of syphilis are those where the warning signs dissipate gradually but the bacteria is still present inside the individual’s body. In this instance, the presence of germs can cause issues at a later stage.

If left untreated, syphilis can even incite damage to the brain, nervous system and blood infections. There have also been unfortunate cases where syphilis has been fatal as well. Syphilis is a prevalent disease in the United States. For instance, in 2015, the rates of syphilis in both sexes showed considerable augmentation in every region of the country.

Initial stages of syphilis are identified by small and largely innocuous sores. These sores may induce an inflammation in the lymph nodes. If patients do not seek immediate medical attention, a skin rash may develop, usually on their hands and feet.

(Genital) Herpes

Herpes is a sexually transmitted disease that is caused by a virus called the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Genital herpes is a frequent STD that affects a multitude of people. An unsettling fact about herpes is that a high number of affected individuals are not aware that have the disease at all.

There is no discernible cure for herpes but scientists have devised a treatment that can abate the symptoms of herpes and also greatly diminish the chances of spreading the ailment on to others if the individual is sexually active.

There are two main forms of herpes. One is called the HSV 1 and it causes cold sores around the mouth and lips of the affected person. The other is known as HSV 2 and also causes cold sores around the genitals and rectum of patients, which is why it is aptly called genital herpes. The affected areas are used to distinguish between type 1 and type 2 herpes.

Herpes is known to create sores in the genital and rectal area, buttocks and thighs of those who contract the disease. It may be spread from engaging in vaginal, oral and anal sexual activity with an infected person. Additionally, the virus is capable of distribution even if sores are not apparent and akin to other sexually transmitted diseases, a mother may infect their children during childbirth.

If you feel you have a sexually transmitted disease, contact your medical professional immediately. If you feel you would like to learn more about STDs or have questions, you can contact the Planned Parenthood U.S. National Sexual Health Hotline at 1-800-230-PLAN (7526).

Taking a Look at Parasitic Infections and Diseases

(a) Ternidens sp., (b) Anatrichosoma sp.,(c) Subulura sp.,(d) Ancylostoma sp.,(e) Oesophagostomum sp.,(f) Chitwoodspirura sp.,(g) Strongyloides sp., (h) Dicrocoelium sp.,(i) Trichuris sp.,(j) Capillariidae Gen. sp. 1,(k) Protospirura muricola,(l) Trichostrongylus sp.,(m) Capillariidae Gen. sp. 2,(n) Strongyloides stercoralis (rhabditoid larva). Scale bars: a–m = 10 μm; n = 25 μm.

The human body has thousands of different bacteria and microorganisms living inside it. The wonderful part about this is that they work on a mutually beneficial relationship by aiding the functions in the body, and in turn, being able to survive with ease.

However, there can be times when the microorganisms that come into the body aren’t so gracious. Parasitic infections occur because of a negative relationship between the microorganisms and the body of the host. In this case, these parasites rely on the host in order to survive, but they also cause great harm by invading organs, reproducing, growing and releasing toxins within the body.

The Major Parasitic Organisms

There is a wide range of parasitic organisms which can infect the human body. Despite this diversity, they can be classified into three major groups, namely:

Protozoa – These are single-cell microorganisms that multiply and live inside the body. They are hard to detect with the naked eye. A common example of a protozoa infection includes giardiasis. This is caused by the protozoa microorganism, Giardia, which enters the body through infected water.

Helminths – These are multi-cell organisms, which can live either outside or inside the body with ease. They usually enter the body through ingestion of their eggs. Examples of helminths include flatworms, tapeworms, roundworms and more.

Ectoparasites – These are also known as multi-cell organisms but they largely live or stay on the outside of the body. Ectoparasites are also found on other hosts such as cats, dogs, livestock and more. Common examples of ectoparasites include fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, mites and more.

All three of the organisms mentioned above can cause infection of one form or the other, which can harm the host. Certain parasitic microorganisms also appear to work together which makes them easier to spread. For example, Mosquitoes are ectoparasites that can carry the bacteria which causes malaria. Malaria is a parasitic protozoan and easily gets transmitted to the humans that the mosquitoes come in contact with.

Protozoa and helminths, in particular, can also be spread when they become foodborne. These microorganisms are easy to spread to other people from different sources such as contaminated soil, waste matter such as feces of animals or humans, undercooked or raw food, contaminated or polluted water and even blood from an infected person. Even fruits and vegetables grown in infected soil can spread the microorganisms to someone.

Risk of Getting Parasitic Infections

Parasitic infections are more common in tropical or subtropical regions, but they also thrive in the United States. The risk that people face with parasitic infections is dependent on various factors, including the kind of parasite a person has come in contact with.

The overall health of a person (specifically, the health of their immune system), travel history and hygiene habits make a marked difference here. While some people might not be at risk at all to parasitic infections, others might be more susceptible to them based on these factors.

The following are various scenarios which increase the odds of a person developing a parasitic infection:

If a person is already ill or they have a compromised immune system.
If a person travels a lot in the subtropical and tropical regions of the world.
If a person consumes food which is improperly prepared and made from infected ingredients.
If there is a lack of clean drinking water and non-filtered water being consumed regularly.
If a person swims frequently in ponds, lakes or rivers that are infected and can contain more than one kind of parasitic microorganism.
If a person works with soil or indulges in farming of fruits and vegetables regularly.
If a person works in child-care. Children are not always the most hygienic and can pass on the eggs of ringworms, pinworms or more. Same is true for nursing homes.
If a person has an outdoor pet such as a cat which can pass on the parasite to their owners.

All these scenarios can contribute to a person developing a parasitic infection. Immediate medical attention is always necessary because by the time the symptoms become visible or known, the infection might have progressed to an advanced state.

Certain infections also have no proper cure such as toxoplasmosis. In this condition, a cured person might still possess non-dormant parasitic strains of toxoplasmosis which can be passed on to their children and create complications in pregnancy and child development.

Practicing Prevention

Due to the common prevalence of these infections, it is a good idea to practice precaution and adopt a few healthy habits that can reduce the chances of getting parasitic infections. The following are some simple habits that you can apply with ease:

Wash hands frequently, particularly if you have been playing with your pets, handling dirt and soil or after using the bathroom.
Always cook food at the recommended temperature so as to kill all the bacteria in the meat.
Wash all kitchen utensils, appliances and surfaces that come in contact with raw meat.
Avoid drinking unfiltered water and try to drink filtered or bottled water if you are traveling. The CDC has recommendations you should follow for just about every country in the world.
Do not go into lakes, pools, ponds or rivers unless you know that they are completely unpolluted. Even then, avoid swallowing any water.
When cleaning pet litter or feces, always use gloves and wash hands thoroughly
Always wash all raw fruits and vegetables, particularly the ones that are meant to be eaten with the skin on.
When eating raw meat in dishes such as sushi and Carpaccio, always go to a reputable restaurant.

Keep in mind that parasitic infections can occur even when you are practicing these healthy precautions. In this case, if you suspect that you or someone else might have developed a parasitic infection, seek medical attention as soon as possible. Early detection can play a vital role in preventing the infection from becoming life-threatening and also help to stunt the spread of the infection to others.

Hearing Aids: What it Means and the Different Types Available on the Market

The picture above shows devices called hearing aids. These are small electronic apparatuses attached to the back of the ear or on the inside. A person with a hearing impairment can use hearing aids to vastly improve their hearing faculties. Besides overcoming their impediment, it allows users to communicate and participate in mundane activities like a casual conversation. In the United States alone, there are almost 38 million individuals who suffer from hearing loss. Using this instrument can greatly enhance the quality of life for those who live with this defect.

How They Work

A hearing aid has three fundamental components:

Microphone: picks up the sound in proximity
Amplified: makes the sound resounding
Receiver: Transmits these sounds into the ear

The microphone converts the sounds waves in the environment to electrical signals which are circulated to the amplifier, which augments the potency of these signals and sends them to the receiver, which completes its main purpose.

Just how effective hearing aids vary from one patient to another. It is estimated that only 1 in 5 experience considerable improvement if they wear these. In most cases, the hearing aids are sufficient for those who have endured damage to their nerves which connects their ear to the brain. Reasons this can happen include old age, regular exposure to deafening noises and a number of diseases.

There are scenarios where corrective surgery can rectify the damage. For instance, if the damage is sustained on the ear canal or the eardrum, which is also called conductive hearing loss, then a surgical procedure can remedy the situation. However, that is only possible for a fraction of patients which is why the vast majority use hearing aids.

Furthermore, individuals who are born sans ear canal or external ear can’t make use of a traditional hearing aid. Instead, they can use gadgets which emit signals via the bone of their skulls.

When Do You Need One

If a person regularly experiences difficulty or complication in hearing normal dialogue or is unable to make sense of pedestrian noises, then they may have to consult a doctor promptly. Known as otolaryngologists or ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) doctors to most, they are physicians who will run diagnostics before it can be determined whether a hearing aid is mandatory.

Furthermore, an audiologist (hearing health professional) may be consulted to corroborate that these supplements are absolutely necessary. Following their assessment, a hearing aid may be recommended. The ideal circumstance is to acquire these from your doctor and not purchase in-store or give in to online purchases.

Descriptions

With regards to the variety of hearing aids available, there are three distinct types, which vary according to size, placement, and settings.

Canal

This is an in-ear accessory that fits inside the ear and is not instantly apparent to others. An in the ear canal (ITC) aid is customized to fit properly inside your ear canal while a completely in canal (CIC) aid is minuscule and is virtually invisible once it is worn inside the ear.

Both can compensate both mild cases of hearing loss and more severe instances also. Their size or lack thereof means they can be slightly harder to accommodate and modify. These are also better suited for adults since children may find it difficult to manage given their miniature size. Finally, an invisible in canal (IIC) aid is the smallest of all.

In The Ear

This type of hearing aid fits well on the outside of the ear and can address all kinds of hearing concerns, whether it is mild or severe. The case which encapsulates the electronic elements of the hearing aid is made of hard plastic, which makes it facile to use and does not break instantly. Some ITE aids have additional features, such as a telecoil. This is a small magnetic coil that enables users to receive sound waves through the circuits of the aid, as opposed to its microphone.

This makes the process of hearing exponentially easier. This component also assists people with a hearing disability to hear better in public domains where special sound systems are installed. These are also called induction loop systems and are located in several schools and airports, among other places.

Behind the Ear

Finally, behind the ear hearing aids are the third kind that patients can avail. They are the most common and easily observed since they are placed behind the ear. The casing is also made of durable plastic and linked to the ear mold that fits on the outer ear.

The electronic parts of the aid are also held tightly behind the ear. Any sound that is heard by the user is transmitted from the hearing aid and into the ear through the mold. Similar to the other two classifications, BTE aids can help with benign and serious cases.

Recently, a new version called the open fit aid has been coined. These are smaller and easier to fit behind the ear and only a narrow tube is inserted inside the ear canal, which still allows it to stay open. If patients have excess ear wax, this type is better suited for them since it is not easily damaged.